Table 2.
List of Hsa21 genes that have a potential role in DS-leukemia.
| Hsa21 genes | Known function in hematopoiesis/leukemogenesis | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| ERG | Promotes megakaryoblastic expansion and cooperates with GATA1s in AMKL | [85, 98–101] |
| ETS2 | Cooperates with GATA1s to enhance early hematopoiesis and expansion of fetal megakaryocytic progenitors | [85, 100] |
| RUNX1 | Cooperates with ERG, ETS2 and GATA1s to enhance early hematopoiesis | [85] |
| DYRK1A | Promotes TMD/DS–AMKL development in human and murine models; Cooperates with GATA1s to increase megakaryocytic expansion; Controls CFU-preB colony formation and B-cell differentiation | [63, 109] |
| RCAN1 | Promotes megakaryopoiesis, Inhibits NFAT pathway | [107] |
| HMGN1 | Increases H3K27ac, associated with upregulation of B-cell specific transcriptional signatures | [74, 116] |
| CHAF1B | Interferes with myeloid transcription factor CEBPA and maintains undifferentiated state of leukemic cells | [117] |
| miR-125b-2 | Enhances proliferation and self-renewal of megakaryocytic progenitors, Cooperates with GATA1s | [118] |
| IFN-genes: IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNGR2 and IL10RB | Over-activated in DS blood cells and in fetal hematopoietic progenitors | [81, 110–112] |