Table 2.

Treatment of COVID-19 with IL-6 inhibitors.

Source	Xu, X et al., 2020	Luo et al., 2020	Gritti et al., 2020	Toniati et al., 2020	Klopfenstein et al., 2020	Roumier et al., 2020
Country of origin	Anhui, China	Wuhan, China	Bergamo, Italy	Brescia, Italy	Nord Franche-Comté, France	Suresnes, France
Center	Single center	Single center	Single center	Single center	Single center	Single center
Study period	February 5–14, 2020	January 27–March 5, 2020	March 11–24, 2020	March 9–20, 2020	April 1–13, 2020	March 21–April 2, 2020
Type of study	Retrospective cohort	Retrospective cohort	Retrospective cohort	Prospective series	Retrospective case-control	Retrospective case-control
Number of patients	21	15	21	100	20 TCZ 25 Standard therapy (ST)	30 TCZ 29 Standard therapy
Age in years ¥	56.8 ± 16.5	73 (62–80)	64 (48–75)	62	76.8 ± 11 in TCZ group 70.7 ± 15 in ST group	50
Male gender (%)	86	80	86	88	–	80
Follow up (days)	–	7	8	10	–	8 (6.0–9.75)
Inclusion criteria and ICU status, if reported	Severe: tachypnea and/or respiratory failure 17 (81%) Critical: mechanical ventilation or organ support on ICU 4 (19%)	Moderately, severely or critically ill (not otherwise specified)	All required either CPAP or NIV	NIV 57 (57%) or mechanical ventilation 43 (43%) 43 in ICU 57 in general ward (because no ICU beds available)	Failure of standard treatment, time to symptoms onset >7 days, O2 therapy ≥5 L/min, >25% lung damage on CT, ≥2 elevated markers of inflammation TCZ group: more lung involvement on CT, lymphopenia, high CRP, higher level O2 therapy None in ICU at enrollment (ICU admission was one of the outcomes)	Severe (O2 requirement >6 L/min, rapidly deteriorating, high CRP, with ≥5 days of prior disease duration. 7 (23%) in ICU
IL-6 agent and dose	TCZ 4–8 mg/kg body weight, recommended dose 400 mg maximum 800 mg. 14.3% received 2nd dose 12 hours later	TCZ 80–600 mg 33% administered subsequent doses	Siltuximab median dose 900 mg × 1 for all 21; 5 patients received a second dose	TCZ 8 mg/kg (max 800 mg) by two consecutive intravenous infusions 12 hours apart Eighty-seven patients (87%) received 2 infusions of TCZ, 13 patients (13%) 3 infusions	TCZ 1 or 2 doses (dose not reported)	TCZ 8 mg/kg
Other treatments	Lopinavir/Ritonavir Interferon-$\alpha$ Methylprednisolone	8 (53%) also received methylprednisolone	Usual care (not specified)	Lopinavir/ritonavir or remdesivir antibiotics ppx, hydroxychloroquine 400 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg/day	hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir therapy and antibiotics, and less commonly corticosteroids	2 patients in TCZ group also received 10 day course HCQ and azithro; 2 patients in control group received high dose methylprednisolone pulses
Outcome	All 21 discharged from hospital	10 (67%) stabilized 2 (13%) worsening disease 3 (20%) died Median CRP fell from 126.9 to 11.2 m g/L Drop in IL-6 in 67%	7 (33%) improved 9 (43%) stabilized 5 (24%) worsened and required intubation	General wards patients: 37 (65%) improved 7 (12%) stabilized 13 (23%) patients worsened ICU patients: 32 (74%) improved 1 (2%) stabilized 10 (24%) died Overall at 10 days: 77 (77%) improved/stable 23 (23%) worsened 20 (20%) died Note: 3 patients had GI perforation requiring urgent surgery	TCZ group: 3 (15%) remained hospitalized 11 (55%) discharged 5 (25%) death and/or ICU ST group: 2 (8%) remained hospitalized 8 (32%) required invasive mechanical ventilation; 11 (44%) discharged 18 (72%) death and/or ICU admission 12 (48%) death	TCZ group: 4/7 (57%) discharged from ICU 6/30 (20%) discharged from hospital 3 (10%) death TCZ significantly reduced requirement of subsequent mechanical ventilation (weighted OR: 0.42; 95%CI [0,20–0,89] p = 0,025) TCZ significantly reduced ICU admission (weighted OR: 0.17; 95%CI [0,06–0,48] p = 0,001)

¥ Values expressed as mean or median according to original report.

– Data not reported.

TCZ Tocilizumab.