Paoletti 1993 (gyn).

Study characteristics
Methods	Parallel, 48 h
Participants	PCA 22, control 22 Gynecologic surgery (second study within paper not reported here as control group received continuous infusion not titrated to patient requirements)
Interventions	PCA: morphine. Bolus/lockout/4 h limit: 1 mg/6 to 15 min/NR Control: IM morphine 10 mg every 6 h prn
Outcomes	Pain, opioid usage, sedation, respiratory rate, nausea/vomiting, itch, sweating, quality of sleep, patient satisfaction
Source of funding	Not mentioned
Notes	Withdrawal: PCA, n = 1: hypotension/apnea QS = 2 (R = 1, DB = 0, W = 1)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not explicitly stated, but appears to be unblinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Data reported on all but 1 participant (PCA, withdrew due to AE)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	All outcomes described in Methods section are reported in Results section; however spread for continuous outcomes not reported
Other bias	High risk	Very small sample size