Rosen 1998.

Study characteristics
Methods	Parallel, 48 h for all outcomes other than LOS
Participants	PCA 36, control 36 Major gynecologic laparoscopy
Interventions	PCA: morphine. Bolus/lockout/4 h limit: 1.5 mg/5 min/NR Control: IM morphine 7.5 mg to 10 mg (frequency not specified)
Outcomes	Pain intensity, opioid consumption, patient satisfaction, LOS, sedation, nausea, vomiting
Source of funding	Not mentioned
Notes	QS = 2 (R = 1, DB = 0, W = 1)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Method of analysis and number of participants completing study not described, but appears from results that all participants were included in analyses
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes described in Methods section are reported in Results section
Other bias	Unclear risk	Smallsample size