TABLE 1.

Demographic details and methods.

Population	Saudi subjects
Inclusion and exclusion criteria	Non syndromic cleft subjects with good quality x-ray images. No history of craniofacial surgical treatment besides lip and palate surgery. No orthodontic treatment has been done. No anatomical variation in the ST and sphenoidal regions. Matched with healthy control without any craniofacial deformity. Subjects using hormonal medications or corticosteroids were excluded from the study.
Sampling	Convenient sampling following inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Type of cleft			Non-cleft	BCLP	UCLP	UCLA	UCL
Subjects distribution	Male		14	19	26	3	7
	Female		17	10	15	6	6
	Total (N = 123)		31	29	41	9	13
Age			13.29 ± 3.52	14.07 ± 4.73	14.32 ± 4.46	12.78 ± 4.09	13.31 ± 4.46
Data used	Digital lateral cephalogram, orthopantomogram, and clinical record details.
Ethical clearance	Protocol has been presented to the ethical board of Alrass Dental Research Center, Qassim University. Ethical clearance has been obtained with the Code #: DRC/009FA/20.
Method	Artificial intelligence driven technique using Webceph software (Korea)
Landmarks used and the details	TS		Tuberculum sella	The most anterior point of the contour of the sella turcica
	DS		Dorsum sellae	The posterior wall of the sella turcica
	SF		Sella floor	The deepest point on the floor of pituitary fossa
	Pclin		Posterior clenoid	The most anterior point of the PClin process
	SA		Sella anterior	The most anterior point of the sella
	SP		Sella posterior	The most posterior point of the sella
	SM		Sella median	A point midway between PClin and TS
Measurements (seven parameters)			Significance/importance
a	Sella length	TS-Pclin	Changes in the size of sella turcica are often identified with the pathology of pituitary gland and may have an undetected hidden disease; hence, sella length is one of the parameters to determine the sella size.
b	Sella width	SA-SP	Utilized clinically for pubertal growth phase determination, would be increased by advanced age, it has strong correlation with age.
c	Sella diameter	TS-DS	Growth of an individual can be assessed based on the diameter of the sella turcica at different age periods.
d	Sella height anterior	TS-SF	As the anterior part of the sella turcica is believed to develop mainly from neural crest cell, so we need to measure the sella height anterior. So that, we can assume or determine any structural deviation in the anterior wall which are believed to be associated with the specific deviation in the facial structure.
e	Sella height posterior	PClin-SF	The posterior part of the sella turcica develops from the para-axial-mesoderm, which develops approximately 7 weeks of gestation. If any disturbance occurs in this area it remains throughout the life, as the time of formation of sella closely associated with the development of maxilla. So that, it may be assumed that any aberration leading to cleft may be associated with some fault at the level of sella turcica.
f	Sella height median	SM-SF	Utilized clinically for pubertal growth phase determination, would be increased with age.
g	Sella area	TS-SA-SF-SP-Pclin	During embryological development of the sella area is the key point for the migration of the neural crest cells to the fronto nasal and maxillary developmental fields. Pituitary fossa increased in size with age and found a positive correlation of the area of the sella to age.