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. 2020 Jul 22;8:853. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00853

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Copyright © 2020 Vallejo, Peltier, Garrigós, Matallana, Marullo and Aranda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ras2 had a profound impact on wine fermentation, respiration and glucose repression. (A) The PCA analysis of mutants ras1Δ and ras2Δ and parental strain C9 in the three fermentations: NS:Normal (green), NS: Low (red) and S:Normal (blue). (B) The correlation circle of the used kinetic and enological parameters. (C) Diagrams showing the relative values of lp, t50-lp (h), acetic acid, and pyruvate of mutants ras1Δ and ras2Δ in relation to parental strain C9. Fermentations were carried out in triplicate, and average and standard deviations are shown. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are marked by ^∗. (D) The spot analysis of mutants ras1Δ and ras2Δ in three genetic backgrounds, BQS252, C9, and Σ1278b in rich medium YPD, respiratory medium YPGlycerol (YPGly) and YPGlycerol with 0.05% glucosamine (GlcN), to test glucose repression. (E) The spot analysis of mutant ras2Δ in the same genetic backgrounds grown in YP Sucrose (YPS) and YP sucrose + 100 μg/ml 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) to test glucose repression.