Figure 3.

Model quality results from single institution training, CDS, FL, IIL, and CIIL. CDS, FL, CIIL mean model Dice against the Original Institution group single institution held-out validation data over multiple runs of collaborative cross validation, as well as the average of single institutional results under the same scheme (AVG SIM). The AVG 1–10 column provides the average performance of each collaboration method across single institution validation sets. For CIIL, ‘best local’ and ‘random local’ are two methods we introduce for final model selection during CIIL (More details are given in the “Methods: Final Model Selection” section ). Note that the color scale here differs from that used in Fig. 2.