Table 2.
Characteristics and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with CIUE.
| Clinical characteristic | N = 122 |
|---|---|
| Age—year | |
| Median [interquartile range] | 32 [28–36] |
| Age ≥ 35 y—no. (%) | 37 (30.3) |
| BMI at first trimester† | |
| Median [interquartile range] | 22 [20–25] |
| BMI ≥ 30—no. (%) | 10 (8.2) |
| Primigravida—no. (%) | 23 (18.9) |
| Method of conception—no. (%) | |
| In vitro fertilization | 3 (2.5) |
| Ovulation induction or artificial insemination | 4 (3.3) |
| Spontaneous | 115 (94.2) |
| Pregnancy ≥ 22 WGA—no./total no. (%) | 93/122 (76.2) |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | 10/93 (10.8) |
| Gestational hypertension | 5/93 (5.4) |
| Preeclampsia | 8/93 (8.6) |
| Preterm labor | 9/93 (9.7) |
| Premature preterm rupture of membranes | 10/93 (10.8) |
| Prenatal hospitalization | 73/93 (78.5) |
| Fetal sex ratio M/F | 1.02 |
| Biological characteristics | no./total no. (%) |
| Abnormal alkaline phosphatase ≥ 22 WGA¥—no./total no. (%) | 36/59 (61.0) |
| Significant antinuclear antibodies‡—no./total no. (%) | 10/73 (13.7) |
| Positive antiphospholipid antibodies—no./total no. (%) | 6/71 (8.5) |
| Lupus anticoagulant | 3/71 (4.2) |
| Anti-cardiolipin | 1/71 (1.4) |
| Lupus anticoagulant and anti-β2glycoprotein-I | 2/71 (2.8) |
| Obstetrical outcomes | N = 122 |
| Miscarriage—no. (%) | 17 (13.9) |
| Week of gestation—mean ± SD | 8 ± 2 |
| Repeated miscarriage§—no./total no. (%) | 7/17 (41.2) |
| Stillbirth†—no. (%) | 17 (13.9) |
| Week of gestation—mean ± SD | 22 ± 6 |
| FGR£—no./total no. (%) | 14/15 (93.3) |
| < 3rd percentile | 12/14 (85.6) |
| Termination of pregnancy—no. (%) | 18 (14.8) |
| Week of gestation—mean ± SD | 24 ± 3 |
| FGR£—no./total no. (%) | 17/17 (100) |
| < 3rd percentile | 16/17 (94.1) |
| Live birth—no. (%) | 70 (57.4) |
| FGR£—no./total no. (%) | 50/69 (72.5) |
| < 3rd percentile | 36/50 (72.0) |
| Prematurity—no./total no. (%) | 38/70 (54.3) |
| < 28 WGA | 2/38 (5.3) |
| [28 – 31+6 WGA] | 9/38 (23.7) |
| [32—33+6 WGA] | 6/38 (15.8) |
| [34—36+6 WGA] | 21/38 (55.3) |
| Neonatal death no./total no. (%) | 4/70 (5.7) |
| Live birth without comorbidity | 7/70 (10.0) |
BMI body mass index, WGA weeks gestational age, FGR fetal growth restriction.
†BMI is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
ೠ1/250.
¥Alkaline phosphatase level was defined as abnormal when it exceeded 126 and 229 UI/L for the second and third trimesters19, respectively.
§Three or more consecutive miscarriages.
†Only one stillbirth was not associated with an FGR, instead occurring in the presence of uncontrolled diabetes.
£Weight data are missing for two stillbirths, one pregnancy termination and one live birth.