Table 1.

Explanation of each parameter in the ZINB model and terminologies used in this manuscript.

Terminology and abbreviation	Description
mo-contl	Mean (arithmetic mean) oocyst in control. Each membrane-feeding assay has a unique mo-contl value. Table 2 shows the best estimate (and the 95% confidence interval) of mo-contl from all DMFA or SMFA data which match the indicated criteria when control antibodies were tested
π	Zero-inflation parameter. It indicates the proportion of mosquitoes without any oocyst in each COM when an inactive sample (i.e., true inhibitory activity is zero) is tested. Higher the number means more uninfected mosquitoes are expected in test and control COMs, regardless of biological activity of a test sample
θ	Negative binomial dispersion parameter. It indicates how the relationship between mean and standard deviation (SD) in oocyst intensity diverges from a Poisson distribution.θ = 1 denotes a Poisson distribution, and values larger than 1 indicate larger SD than expected from the Poisson model
Vf	Variance of the random effects for feed, also called feed-to-feed variation. It indicates how much variation in oocyst intensity is expected when the same sample is tested in different feeding experiments. Vf = 0 denotes no feed-to-feed variation, and larger values mean more variation
Vc	Variance of the random effects for COM, also called COM-to-COM variation. It indicates how much variation in oocyst intensity is expected when the same sample is tested in different COMs in a single assay. Vc = 0 denotes no COM-to-COM variation, and larger values mean more variation
COM	"Container of Mosquitoes”. A group of mosquitoes which are housed in the same container (e.g., a pint cup) and are fed the same blood-test (or control) antibody mixture
95%CI length	The difference between high and low end of 95% confidence interval (CI). For example, when 95% CI of inhibition of a test sample is estimated as 60 to 85%, the 95% CI length of the test is 85–60 = 25. Bigger the 95% CI length means more uncertainty around the estimated inhibition level
TRA	"Transmission-Reducing Activity" or inhibition in oocyst density. In this paper, the inhibitory activity is expressed as percent of TRA, "%TRA"
TBA	"Transmission-Blocking Activity" or inhibition in prevalence of infected mosquitoes. In this paper, the inhibitory activity is expressed as percent of TBA, "%TBA"