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. 2020 Jul 28;10:12646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69631-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anti-Reflective layer mitigates the reflection problems present in QCTO method and improves the gain values. Simulated 3D far field radiation patterns of modified Luneburg lens antenna at 30 GHz with the presence of λ/2 (at 26 GHz) thickness anti-reflective layer. lens’s beam-steering angle at (a) − 55° (pos − 2); (b) − 22° (pos − 1); (c) 0° (pos 0); (d) 55° (pos 2); e) 22˚ (pos 1); (f) feed source locations at the planar excitation surface. (g) measured and simulated gain patterns comparison at 30 GHz with and without the presence of AR layer at 3 excitation locations (pos − 2, pos − 1, pos 0).