Table 1.
In vivo preclinical studies for solid tumors.
| Molecule | Combination | Tumor model | Biological process | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeting CD44 | Low molecular mass HA | – | Ovary, peripheral nerve | Tumor growth/metastasis | (71–73) |
| soluble CD44 | – | Melanoma, breast | Tumor growth | (74–76) | |
| CD44 blocking antibody | – | Breast, colon, pancreas, liver | Tumor growth, metastasis | (77–81) | |
| CD44v6 blocking antibody | – | Pancreas | Metastasis | (80, 82, 83) | |
| CD44 peptide | – | Melanoma, gastric | Tumor growth/metastasis | (81, 83–85) | |
| CD44v3 peptide | – | Glioblastoma | Tumor growth | (71–73, 84, 86) | |
| CD44v6 si/shRNA | – | Colon, gastric | Tumor growth | (82) | |
| CD44/Epcam aptamer | Ovary | Tumor growth | (82, 85) | ||
| Silibinin | – | Prostate | Tumor growth | (86) | |
| Targeting DDR | DDR1 blocking antibody | – | Breast | Tumor growth | (87) |
| 7rh (DDR1 inhibitor) | – | Gastric, pancreas | Tumor growth | (88, 89) | |
| WRG-28 (DDR2 inhibitor) | – | Breast | Metastasis | (90) | |
| Dasatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Lung | Tumor growth | (91) | |
| Nilotinib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Colon | Metastasis | (92) | |
| 7rh (DDR1 inhibitor) | Dasatinib | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Tumor growth | (93) | |
| 7rh (DDR1 inhibitor) | LY-411575 (Notch inhibitor) | Lung | Tumor growth | (91) | |
| DDR1-IN1 (DDR1 inhibitor) | Temzolomide/radiotherapy | Glioblastoma | Tumor growth | (94) | |
| Dasatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | JQ1 (BET inhibitor) | Lung | Tumor growth | (95) | |
| LAMR small molecule inhibitor | – | Breast | Metastasis | (96) | |
| Targeting LAMR | LAMR37 blocking antibody | – | Fibrosarcoma | Metastasis | (97) |
| OFA/iLRP-blocking antibody | – | Melanoma | Metastasis | (98–100) | |
| OFA/iLRP-based immunotherapy | – | Fibrosarcoma, sarcoma | Tumor growth/metastasis | (99, 100) | |
| FAK C-terminal domain | – | Fibroblasts, breast | Tumor growth/metastasis | (101, 102) | |
| Targeting FAK | TAE-226 | – | Glioma, ovary | Tumor growth | (103) |
| VS-6062 (FAK/Pyk2 inhibitor) | – | Prostate, pancreas, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma | Tumor growth/metastasis | (104–107) | |
| VS-4718 | – | Breast, ovary | Tumor growth/metastasis | (108, 109) | |
| VS-6063 | – | Ovary | Tumor growth | (110) | |
| Compounds 14, Y15, Y11 | – | Breast, pancreas, colon | Tumor growth | (111–114) | |
| Compounds C4, INT2-31, M13, R2 (FAK scaffold inhibitors) | – | Breast, pancreas, neuroblastoma, melanoma, colon | Tumor growth | (115–121) | |
| BI853520 | – | Breast, mesothelioma | Tumor growth | (122, 123) | |
| NVP-TAE-226 | – | Ewing sarcoma | Tumor growth/metastasis | (124) | |
| NVP-TAE-226 | Docetaxel | Ovary | Tumor growth | (125) | |
| VS-6062 (FAK/Pyk2 inhibitor) | Sunitinib | Liver | Tumor growth | (126) | |
| VS-6062 (FAK/Pyk2 inhibitor) | Vemurafenib | Colon | Tumor growth | (127) | |
| Compound Y15 | 5-FU | Colon | Tumor growth | (113) | |
| Compound Y15 | Gemcitabine | Pancreas | Tumor growth | (112, 128) | |
| Compound C4 (FAK scaffold inhibitor) | Temzolomide | Glioblastoma | Tumor growth | (128) | |
| Doxorubicin | Breast | Tumor growth | (115) | ||
| Compound R2 (FAK scaffold inhibitor) | Doxorubicin, 5-FU | Colon | Tumor growth | (121) | |
| PF5735228 | WZ811 (CXCR4 inhibitor) | Lung | Tumor growth | (129) | |
| VS-4718 | HDAC inhibitors | Lung, Esophagus | Tumor growth | (130) | |
| VS-4718 | PD-1 antagonist, T cell immunotherapy | Pancreas | Tumor growth | (131) | |
| VS-6063 | Docetaxel | Prostate | Tumor growth | (132) | |
| FAKsi nanoparticles | Paclitaxel nanoparticles | Ovary | Tumor growth | (133) | |
| Bosutinib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Neuroblastoma, thyroid, prostate, pancreas, colon | Tumor growth/metastasis | (134–139) | |
| Targeting SFK | Dasatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Prostate, pancreas, colon | Tumor growth/metastasis | (140–142) |
| Saracatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Pancreas, prostate, head and neck, liver, gastric, biliary, sarcoma, colon, skin | Tumor growth/metastasis | (143–153) | |
| Ponatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, endometrial, gastric, breast, lung, bladder, colon, rhabdomyosarcoma, GIST | Tumor growth | (154–159) | |
| Vandetanib (multikinase inhibitor) | – | Breast, thyroid, glioblastoma, lung, liver, prostate, head and neck, vulva, ovary, gastric, pancreas, kidneys, colon | Tumor growth/metastasis | (160–185) | |
| Dasatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | Cetuximab | Colon | Tumor growth | (186) | |
| Dasatinib (multikinase inhibitor) Saracatinib (multikinase inhibitor) | Erlotinib/gemcitabine | Pancreas | Tumor growth | (187) | |
| Axitinib/erlotinib | Colon | Tumor growth | (188) | ||
| Trastuzumab | Breast | Tumor growth | (189) | ||
| Trametinib | NSCLC | Tumor growth | (190) | ||
| Bevacizumab | Glioma | Tumor growth | (191) | ||
| Rapamycin | Liver | Tumor growth | (192) | ||
| Paclitaxel | Breast, ovary | Tumor growth | (193, 194) | ||
| Cisplatin | Bladder | Tumor growth | (195) | ||
| Oxaliplatin | Colon | Tumor growth | (194, 196) | ||
| Gemcitabine | Urothelial | Tumor growth | (197) | ||
| Vincristine | Breast | Metastasis | (198) | ||
| MCL-1 inhibitor | Breast | Tumor growth | (199) | ||
| CYT997 | Prostate | Tumor growth/metastasis | (200) | ||
| Caffeic acid phenetyl | Glioma | Tumor growth | (201) | ||
| Dendritic cell vaccine | Breast | Tumor growth/metastasis | (202) | ||
| Anti-CTLA-4 | Head and neck | Tumor growth | (203) | ||
| Cetuximab | NSCLC | Tumor growth | (204) | ||
| Saracatinib (multikinase inhibitor) Vandetanib (multikinase inhibitor) | Cabozantinib | Schwannoma | Tumor growth | (205) | |
| Capivasertib | Head and neck | Tumor growth | (206) | ||
| Trastuzumab | Breast, gastric | Tumor growth | (207, 208) | ||
| Anastrozole | Breast | Tumor growth | (209) | ||
| Fulvestrant | Ovary, breast | Tumor growth | (210, 211) | ||
| 5-FU | Gastric | Tumor growth | (212) | ||
| Celecoxib | Osteosarcoma | Tumor growth | (213) | ||
| Vandetanib (multikinase inhibitor) | Tamoxifen | Breast | Tumor growth | (214) | |
| Paclitaxel | Ovary, colon | Tumor growth/metastasis | (215, 216) | ||
| Cisplatin | Neuroblastoma | Tumor growth | (217) | ||
| Oxiplatin | Colon | Tumor growth | (218) | ||
| Temozolomide | NSCLC, glioblastoma | Tumor growth | (219–221) | ||
| Radiotherapy | Head and neck, lung | Tumor growth | (222) | ||
| Radiotherapy/gemcitabine | Pancreas | Tumor growth | (223) | ||
| Radiotherapy/irinotecan | Colon | Tumor growth | (224) | ||
| Radiotherapy/cisplatin | Head and neck | Tumor growth | (225) | ||
| L19m-TNFalpha | Esophagus | Tumor growth | (226) |