Table 2.

Summary of evidence on 15 successful models of care

Model	Studies	Quality of care	Quality of life	Functional autonomy	Survival	Use/cost of health services
1. Interdisciplinary primary care	1 Meta-analysis	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	2 Reviews					C: ○
	9 RCTs
	3 QE studies
	1 XS time series
2. Care and case management	12 RCTs	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	1 QE study					C: ○
3. Disease management	1 Review	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	1 Meta-analysis
	2 RCTs
4. Preventive home visit	3 Meta-analysis	NA	NA	○	○	U: ○
5. CGA, GEM	10 RCTs	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	1 QE
6. Pharmaceutical care	6 RCTs	○	○	NA	○	U: ○
7. Chronic disease self-management	1 Meta-analysis	NA	○	○	NA	U: ○
	10 RCTs					C: ○
8. Proactive rehabilitation	4 RCTs	NA	○	○	○	U: ○
	1 QE studies
9. Caregiver education and support	2 Meta-analysis	NA	○	○	ND	U: ○
	3 RCTs					C: ○
10. Transitional care	1 Meta-analysis	NA	○	ND	○	U: ○
	2 RCTs					C: ○
11. Substitutive hospital-at-home	5 RCTs	ND	○	○	ND	U: ○
	1 QE study					C: ○
12. Early-discharge hospital-at-home	4 RCTs	NA	○	○	ND	U: ○
13. Care in nursing home	5 QE studies	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	1 RCT					C: ○
14. Prevention and management of delirium	4 RCTs	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	2 QE studies					C: ○
15. Comprehensive inpatient care	2 Meta-analysis	○	○	○	○	U: ○
	5 RCTs
	1 QE study

CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; GEM, geriatric evaluation and management; ○, better outcomes; NA, not assessed; ND, no difference; RCT, randomized controlled trial; QE, quasi-experimental; XS, cross-sectional; U, use of health services; C, cost of health services. Adapted from Boult et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:2328–37, with permission of Wiley.²¹⁾