Table 3.

Binary logistic regression of risk factors for poor sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak.

Variable	OR (95%CI)
	UnivariateAnalysis	P value	MultivariableAnalysis	P value
Age (y)
18-35	Ref
36-44	1.53 (1.23–1.91)	<0.01	NA	NA
45-65	1.50 (1.15–1.95)	<0.01	NA	NA
Male	0.93 (0.77–1.13)	0.47	NA	NA
Marital status
Unmarried	Ref
Married	1.81 (1.48–2.22)	<0.01	NA	NA
Divorced or widowed	1.33 (0.73–2.42)	0.35	NA	NA
Education level		0.37
≤12years	Ref
>12years	1.22 (0.79–1.89)		NA	NA
Smoker	1.00 (0.72–1.39)	0.99	NA	NA
Alcohol use	1.12 (0.88–1.42)	0.34	NA	NA
BMI	1.15 (0.96–1.39)
<18.5	Ref
18.5-23.9	0.98 (0.69–1.38)	0.89	NA	NA
24.0-30	1.14 (0.79–1.66)	0.48	NA	NA
>30	1.81 (0.68–4.85)	0.24	NA	NA
Region		0.68
Hubei Outside Wuhan	Ref		NA	NA
Wuhan	1.04 (0.86–1.26)		NA	NA
COVID-19 diagnosed or suspected	1.83 (0.89–3.77)	0.10	NA	NA
Comorbidities	1.90 (1.26–2.87)	<0.01	NA	NA
Occupation
Non-medical staff	Ref		Ref
Non-frontline medical staff	1.98 (1.58–2.48)	<0.01	2.07 (1.62–2.64)	<0.01
Frontline medical staff	2.33 (1.83–2.96)	<0.01	2.33 (1.79–3.02)	<0.01
Shortage of supplies	1.51 (1.20–1.89)	<0.01	NA	NA
Burden of caring for the elderly or children	1.76 (1.46–2.11)	<0.01	1.47 (1.18–1.75)	<0.01
Family infected with 2019-nCOV	1.08 (0.84–1.39)	0.56	NA	NA
COVID-related bereavement	2.54 (1.73–3.75)	<0.01	1.91(1.26–2.91)	0.01
Anxiety	5.75 (4.29–7.71)	<0.01	2.98(2.13–4.15)	<0.01
Depression	4.75 (3.80–5.94)	<0.01	2.96(2.30–3.82)	<0.01

BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference; NA, not applicable.