Table 1.
Summary of biological control strategies tested from 2015 to April 2020 for the control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.).
| Organism | RKN species | Type of study | Host plant | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||||
| Bacillus cereus |
M. incognita
M. incognita M. incognita |
In vitro, in vivo
In vitro, in vivo in vitro, in vivo |
Tomato Tomato Tomato |
(Li et al., 2019) (Xiao et al., 2018) (Colagiero et al., 2018) |
| Agrobactrium tumefaciens | M. ethiopica | In vivo | Tomato | (Lamovšek et al., 2017) |
| Bacillus amiloliquefaciens | M. incognita | In vitro, in vivo | Tomato | (Jamal et al., 2017) |
| Bacillus firmus | M. incognita | In vivo | Tomato | (d’Errico et al., 2019) |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens |
M. incognita
M. incognita |
In vivo
In vitro, in vivo |
Cowpea Tomato |
(El-Nagdi et al., 2019) (Colagiero et al., 2018) |
| Bacillus pumilus | M. arenaria | In vitro, in vivo | Tomato | (Lee and Kim, 2016) |
| Bacillus licheniformis | M. incognita | In vitro, in vivo | Tomato | (Colagiero et al., 2018) |
| Pasteuria penetranse | M. exigua | In vivo | Coffee | (Botelho et al., 2019) |
| Fungi | ||||
| Pochonia chlamydosporia |
M. incognita
M. enterolobii |
In vivo
In vitro, in vivo |
Tomato Banana/Tomato |
(Silva J. de O. et al., 2017) (Silva S. D. et al., 2017) |
| Purpureocillium lilacinum |
M. enterolobii
M. javanica |
In vitro, in vivo
In vivo |
Banana/Tomato Pineapple |
(Silva S. D. et al., 2017) (Kiriga et al., 2018) |
| Xylaria grammica | M. incognita | In vitro, in vivo | Melon/Tomato | (Kim et al., 2018) |
| Lecanicillium muscarium | M. incognita | In vitro, in vivo | Tomato | (Hussain et al., 2018) |
| Metarhizium guizhouense | M. incognita | In vitro | – | (Thongkaewyuan and Chairin, 2018) |
| Trichoderma longibrachiatum | M. incognita | In vitro, in vivo | Cucumber | (Zhang et al., 2015) |
|
Trichoderma atroviride
Virens harzianum |
M. incognita | In vivo | Pepper | (Herrera-Parra et al., 2017) |
| Trichoderma asperellum | M. javanica | In vivo | Pineapple | (Kiriga et al., 2018) |
| Mortierella globalpina | M. chitwoodi | In vitro, in vivo | Pepper | (DiLegge et al., 2019) |
| Mushrooms | ||||
|
Lentinula edodes
Macrocybe titans Pleurotus eryngii |
M. javanica | In vitro | – | (Hahn et al., 2019) |
| Co-application | ||||
| Pochonia chlamydosporia & Chitosan | M. javanica | In vitro, in vivo | Tomato | (Escudero et al., 2017) |
|
Chitiniphilus sp. & Streptomyces sp. |
M. incognita | In vivo | Brahmi | (Gupta et al., 2017) |
|
Pseudomonas fluorescens & Bacillus subtilis |
M. incognita | In vivo | Cowpea | (El-Nagdi et al., 2019) |
|
Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, & Bacillus licheniformis |
M. incognita | In vivo | Tomato | (Silva J. de O. et al., 2017) |
| Soil microbiome |
M. incognita, M. hapla |
In vivo | Tomato | (Topalovic et al., 2019) |
|
Purpureocillium lilacinum & Nematicide “Velum” |
M. incognita | In vivo | Tomato | (Dahlin et al., 2019) |