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. 2020 May 8;2020(5):CD011898. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011898.pub2

Comparison 1. Avatar therapy versus treatment as usual.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 Mental state: 1a. Specific – positive – average endpoint score (PANSS‐P, high = poor) – short term 1 19 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐1.93 [‐5.10, 1.24]
1.2 Mental state: 1b. Specific – insight – average endpoint score (BAVQ‐R attitude to voices, high = poor) – short term 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.3 Mental state: 1c. Specific – insight – average endpoint score (BAVQ‐R attitude to voices, high = poor, skewed data) – short term 1   Other data No numeric data
1.4 Mental state: 1d. Specific – depression – average endpoint score (various scales, high = poor, skewed data – short term 2   Other data No numeric data
1.4.1 BDI 1   Other data No numeric data
1.4.2 CDS 1   Other data No numeric data
1.5 Mental state: 1e. Specific – negative – average endpoint score (PANSS‐N, high = poor) – short term 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.6 Mental state: 2a. General – total – average endpoint score (PANSS total, high = poor) – short term) 1 19 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐8.07 [‐19.49, 3.35]
1.7 Mental state: 2b. General – total – average endpoint score ( PSYRATS total, high = poor) – short term 1 19 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐5.51 [‐9.15, ‐1.87]
1.8 Mental state: 2c. General – total – average endpoint score (PSRS, high poor, skewed data) – short term 1   Other data No numeric data
1.9 Global state: 1. Any change – needing counselling and support – short term 1 19 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.85 [0.09, 40.05]
1.10 Global state: 2. Relapse (rehospitalised) – short term 1 19 Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐0.20, 0.20]
1.11 Leaving study early: 1. For any reason – short term 1 26 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 11.27 [0.70, 181.41]
1.12 Leaving study early: 2. For specific reason – short term 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.12.1 Change in medication 1 26 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.60 [0.12, 58.48]
1.12.2 Fear of voice 1 26 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 9.53 [0.58, 156.49]
1.13 Adverse effects: anxiety – short term 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.13.1 After first session 1 19 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 5.54 [0.34, 89.80]
1.13.2 Self‐reported 1 19 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Not estimable
1.14 Quality of life: average endpoint score (QLESQ‐SF, high = good) – short term 1 19 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 9.99 [3.89, 16.09]