Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and statistics on gender differences in the scales under investigation.
| Total Sample (N = 850) |
Male Sample (n = 210) |
Female Sample (n = 640) |
t (848) | p | Hedge's g | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||
| NSI | ||||||
| Physiological needs | 4.07 (0.73) | 4.25 (0.68) | 4.02 (0.74) | 4.01 | <.001 | 0.319 |
| Safety and Security | 4.33 (0.77) | 4.55 (0.67) | 4.26 (0.79) | 5.22 | <.001 | 0.382 |
| Belonging | 4.29 (0.80) | 4.19 (0.77) | 4.33 (0.80) | -2.221 | .026 | -0.177 |
| Esteem | 4.34 (0.82) | 4.49 (0.74) | 4.29 (0.83) | 3.09 | .002 | 0.245 |
| Self-actualization | 4.32 (0.80) | 4.33 (0.74) | 4.31 (0.82) | 0.29 | .772 | 0.023 |
| ANPS | ||||||
| SEEKING | 2.80 (0.32) | 2.81 (0.31) | 2.80 (0.32) | 0.38 | .701 | 0.031 |
| FEAR | 2.60 (0.53) | 2.39 (0.46) | 2.67 (0.53) | -7.20 | <.001 | -0.535 |
| CARE | 2.89 (0.38) | 2.71 (0.34) | 2.95 (0.37) | -8.382 | <.001 | -0.667 |
| ANGER | 2.57 (0.45) | 2.49 (0.44) | 2.59 (0.45) | -2.80 | .005 | -0.222 |
| PLAY | 2.80 (0.41) | 2.81 (0.39) | 2.80 (0.42) | 0.52 | .604 | 0.041 |
| SADNESS | 2.48 (0.39) | 2.29 (0.37) | 2.54 (0.38) | -8.21 | <.001 | -0.653 |
| BFI | ||||||
| Extraversion | 3.40 (0.79) | 3.24 (0.76) | 3.46 (0.79) | -3.49 | <.001 | -0.277 |
| Agreeableness | 3.53 (0.55) | 3.44 (0.55) | 3.56 (0.55) | -2.86 | .004 | -0.227 |
| Conscientiousness | 3.66 (0.65) | 3.56 (0.61) | 3.69 (0.67) | -2.54 | .011 | -0.202 |
| Neuroticism | 2.98 (0.79) | 2.69 (0.71) | 3.08 (0.80) | -6.68 | <.001 | -0.502 |
| Openness | 3.56 (0.60) | 3.58 (0.56) | 3.56 (0.61) | 0.293 | .769 | 0.023 |
Note.1 Welch's t-test: df = 415.12; 2 Welch's t-test: df = 403.40; 3 Welch's t-test: df = 394.39.