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. 2020 Jul 24;16:1777–1794. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S247599

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© 2020 Moradi-Kor et al.

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

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Prefrontal cortex BDNF levels in stressed or non-stressed rats subjected to SP, EX, EE and combined treatment. Chronic stress reduced prefrontal cortex BDNF, and alone treatment EX and EE and combined treatment of SP + EE and SP + EX restored this deficit. Data are expressed as the mean±S.E.M. ^#p = 0.01 than the corresponding control group; ^†p = 0.01, ^††p = 0.001 ^†††p = 0.0001 than the stressed group; ^φφφp<0.0001 SP + EE than the stress group treated with SP, EX, EE and SP+EX. **p = 0.001; ***p = 0.0001 than the control group.

Abbreviations: SP, Spirulina platensis; EX, voluntary exercise; EE, enriched environment.