Herold 2006.

Methods	Allocation generation: unclear Allocation concealment: unclear Blinding: no ITT: no Number of dropouts: 2/164 Median follow‐up: 44 months
Participants	164 randomised, 162 evaluable, adult patients Type of lymphoma: follicular, mantle cell, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma Stage: III/IV Previous treatment: no Mean age: 58 years WHO Performance status: < 2
Interventions	Investigational intervention: Bendamustine 60 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5, vincristine 2 mg on day 1 and prednisone 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5; every 3 weeks, for 8 cycles Comparator intervention: Cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5, vincristine 2 mg on day 1 and prednisone 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5; every 3 weeks, for 8 cycles
Outcomes	Survival time was defined as time from the start of therapy until death Time to progression was defined as the time from the start of therapy until progression or disease‐related death, and was reported in responding patients Time to treatment failure was defined as the time from the start of therapy until treatment failure (objective progression, change of randomised therapy, intolerable toxicity or death for any reason). Rates of treatment failure in each group are described, but time to treatment failure is reported only in responding patients CR, PR Adverse events
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	2 patients (1%) were not evaluable and not included in the analysis. Reasons and allocation were not specified
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	The trial's protocol was not available to evaluate selective reporting Time to progression and time to treatment failure were reported only in responding patients
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funded by Ribosepharm GmbH, Clinical Research, Munich
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded to allocated treatment
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported