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. 2020 Aug 18;13(8):1223–1230. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.08.07

Table 3. Design and outcomes of studies with a standardized protocol and at least 1-year follow-up using ACXL at 9 mW/cm2.

First author, year Study design Eye/patient Mean age (range, y) Follow-up (mo) Duration (min)/intensity (mW/cm2) Riboflavin/soaking time (min) Apparatus ΔCDVA (logMAR) ΔMRSE (D) ΔKs (D) ΔKmax (D) ΔCCT (µm) DLD (µm) ΔECD (cell/mm2)
Elbaz, 2014[13] Retrospective 16/14 24.9 (17.1-38.3) 12 10/9 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 UV-X 2000 -0.01 0.25 0.02 -0.06 N/A N/A N/A
Shetty, 2014[14] (pediatric) Prospective 30/18 12.7 (11-14) 24 10/9 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 Avedro KXL -0.12a -0.95 -2.07a N/A N/A N/A No loss
Brittingham, 2014[20] Retrospective 81 eyes 28.6 12 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/20 UV-XTM 2000 N/A N/A -0.8b -0.76b N/A 323b N/A
Comparative 50 eyes 26.1 10/9 UV-XTM 1000 N/A N/A +0.52b +0.72b N/A 245b N/A
Shetty, 2015[15] Prospective 36/36 22.8 (14-33) 12 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 Avedro KXL -0.05a -0.85a -1.32a,b N/A N/A 280 -166a
Randomized comparative 36/36 23.1 (13-33) 10/9 -0.15a -1a 0.67a,b N/A N/A 292 -187a
Ng, 2016[21] Retrospective 14/12 36.1 12 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/25 UV-X 1000 -0.13a 0.23 N/A -1.8a,b -2.1 282b N/A
Comparative 12/12 32.6 10/9 UV-X 2000 0.02 0.98 N/A -0.3b 2.1 209b N/A
Toker, 2017[19] Retrospective 34/34 21.1 (13-30) 12 30/3 0.1% RF in HPMC/20 CCL-Vario -0.11a 0.96 -0.74b -2.15a N/A 266 No loss
Comparative 45/45 22.4 (14-33) 10/9 Avedro KXL -0.12a 0.49 -0.94b -1.64a N/A 273 No loss
Hagem, 2017[23] Prospective 20 eyes N/A 12 30/3 0.1% RF in HPMC/20 UV-X 1000 -0.11a N/A N/A -1.4a N/A 442b,c No loss
Randomized comparative 20 eyes 10/9 UV-X 2000 -0.09a N/A N/A -0.5 N/A 317b,c No loss
Baenninger, 2017[16] (pediatric) Retrospective 39/31 16.3 12 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 UV-X 0.14 N/A N/A 1.49 N/A N/A N/A
Comparative 39/30 15.5 10/9 CCL-365 Vario 0.19 N/A N/A 0.71 N/A N/A N/A
Vounotrypidis, 2018[17] Retrospective 131/101 26.9 36 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 UV-X 1000 -0.09 N/A N/A -0.3a N/A N/A N/A
Comparative 282/215 27.5 10/9 UV-X 2000 -0.03 N/A N/A -1.4a N/A N/A N/A
Sarac, 2018[18](pediatric) Retrospective 38/29 15.0 (11-17) 24 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 UVA system (Meran Tip) 0.00 0.44 -0.22 -0.61 N/A N/A N/A
Comparative 49/35 14.9 (10-17) 10/9 -0.07 0.46 -0.59a -1.01a N/A N/A N/A
Our study Prospective 32/32 24.6 (19-38) 24 30/3 0.1% RF in 20% dex/30 UV-X 1000 -0.13a -0.7a -0.4a,b -0.9a -1 310b No loss
Randomized comparative 27/27 23.1 (18-34) 10/9 0.1% RF in HPMC/10 Avedro KXL -0.07a -0.4a -0.1b -0.4a 10a 240b No loss

N/A: Not applicable. aStatistically significantly different compared to baseline; bStatistically significant difference between CCXL and ACXL (9 mW/cm2) groups; cMeasurement with IVCM.