Fig. 2.

Changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and AvBDs in the cultured chick ileum in response to Pam3CSK4 stimulation. Ileum tissues were cultured with 1 (●), 10 (▲), or 100 (■) ng/ml Pam3CSK4 for 1 or 3 h (n=7 for each condition). The values of the dots show the fold changes in gene expression (Y axis is presented by a logarithmic scale) in Pam3CSK4-treated tissue relative to non-treated tissue (0 ng/ml Pam3CSK4; value=1, dotted line). The solid bar represents the median value within each treatment. Asterisks indicate significant differences between treated and non-treated groups, determined via Kruskal-Wallis and Steel tests (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01).