Table 3.
Demographic profile according to the level of experience and training (N=30).
| Demographic variable | Level of experience | Level of training | ||||||
|
|
Basic manipulation (n=3)a | Basic operating level (n=11)b | Intermediate operating level (n=8)c | Advanced operating level (n=8)d | Practicing surgeon (n=21) | Resident (n=8) | Other (n=1)e | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 26 (0.6) | 40 (4.3) | 43 (3.3) | 49 (2.9) | 47 (2.2) | 27 (0.6) | 49 (—f) | |
| Sex, n | ||||||||
|
|
Male | 0 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 15 | 0 | 1 |
|
|
Female | 3 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 8 | 0 |
| Do you have regular experience with video games?, n | ||||||||
|
|
Yes | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
|
|
No | 2 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 6 | 0 |
| Do you have previous experience with MISg simulators?, n | ||||||||
|
|
Yes | 2 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 7 | 0 |
|
|
No | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| What type of simulator?, n | ||||||||
|
|
Physical | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 1 |
|
|
Hybrid and augmented reality | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
|
|
Virtual reality | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
|
|
No experience | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
aBasic manipulation of the camera and/or retraction with forceps.
bBasic operating level (cholecystectomy and appendectomy).
cIntermediate operating level (fundoplication).
dAdvanced operating level.
eOther: an engineer highly experienced in the design of instruments and devices for minimally invasive surgery simulation.
fNot available because there was only one observation.
gMIS: minimally invasive surgery.