A. Alizarin Red S staining for calcium in 14 day VEC treated with GM,
OGM, OGM+TNFα(30 ng/ml), or OGM+p65 over-expression. Scale bar is
100μm. B. Quantification of calcium deposition using ARS dye-extraction
assay, normalized to GM + empty vector control (n = 6). (*: significant from
groups 1, 2 #: significant from group 3, p < 0.05). C. αSMA
protein expression in VEC with or without p65 over-expression with 14-day
control or OGM treatment. Scale bar is 20μm. D. ACTA2 mRNA in VEC, same
conditions as C (n = 4). E. Runx2 protein expression in VEC, same conditions as
C. Scale bar is 20μm. F. Runx2 mRNA in VEC, same conditions as E (n = 4).
G. Osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression in VEC, same conditions as C. H.
Osteocalcin mRNA in VEC, same conditions as G. Statistical significance between
different groups are indicated by unshared letter assignments, p < 0.05.
Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups
(p < 0.05). Error bars indicate SEM.