LaFrance 2014.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomised controlled trial Study grouping: parallel group Adequate power (evidence of power calculation): quote: "not being powered for differences between groups," but no data provided. Allocation concealment method: no information provided Blinding of outcome assessors: treatment‐blinded trained raters assessed clinician‐scored outcomes Check of blinding: no information provided Duration of study: September 2008 to February 2012 Randomisation method: computer‐generated block randomisation
Participants	Baseline characteristics Intervention n: 9 Age (mean): 37.9 (SD 11.5) years Sex (% woman): 77.8 Marital status currently married (%): 44.4% Educational status – mean: 15.4 (SD 3.9) years Control n: 7 Age (mean): 41.6 (SD 8.3) years Sex (% woman): 100 Marital status currently married, n (%): 2 (28.6%) Educational status – mean: 16.0 (SD 3.6) years Overall n: 16 Inclusion criteria: aged 18–65 years with a VEEG‐confirmed diagnosis of lone PNES and ≥ 1 event in the month prior. Criteria for the diagnosis of events consisted of stereotypic motor manifestations with or without change in level of consciousness. Exclusion criteria: concurrent mixed epilepsy and PNES or equivocal VEEG findings in discerning between epileptic seizures and PNES; use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor or pimozide within 30 days prior to study entry; current use of sumatriptan succinate or other serotonin‐1 receptor agonist; allergy or sensitivity to sertraline; current enrolment in CBT for PNES; current or past‐year self‐mutilation; frank psychosis; current suicidality with intent to self‐harm; serious illness; active substance or alcohol use or dependence that could interfere with participation; pending litigation and current application for long‐term disability. Pretreatment: no statistically significant differences at baseline between groups.
Interventions	Intervention characteristics Intervention Description: CBT‐informed psychotherapy treatment, 12 weekly, 1‐hour sessions using workbook. Length of treatment: 12 weeks Longest follow‐up after end of treatment: none Comedications/other treatments while in the study: none Control Description: TAU. Participants followed up with their treating neurologist and were seen biweekly for assessments Length of treatment: 16 weeks Longest follow‐up after end of treatment: none Comedications/other treatments while in the study: none The study included two other interventions, Sertraline hydrochloride (25‐200 mg/d), and CBT+ Sertraline hydrochloride (25‐200 mg/d) which were not relevant to this review.
Outcomes	Monthly seizure frequency (reduction in %) Outcome type: dichotomous Seizure freedom Outcome type: dichotomous Level of functioning (GAF) Outcome type: continuous Mental state (SCL‐90) Outcome type: continuous Mental state – depression (BDI) Outcome type: continuous Mental state – anxiety (BAI) Outcome type: continuous Quality of life (QOLIE31) Outcome type: continuous Dropout Outcome type: dichotomous
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Participants were randomised 1:1:1:1 into 1 of 4 treatment arms using a computer‐generated blocked randomisation."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "blocked schedule."
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: "Given the nature of interventions delivery, clinicians in the study were not blinded to the intervention."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Treatment‐blinded trained raters assessed clinician‐scored outcomes after reliability was established. Interrater reliability was established by having raters score a sample of the same patients and having the results reviewed."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Matches study protocol.
Other bias	Low risk	No other apparent sources of bias.