Fig. 5.

Th1 markers correlate with reduced alpha diversity. Alpha diversity was calculated using the Shannon index. Frequency (%) of chemokine receptors was calculated using flow cytometry. (a) Percentages of CXCR3⁺, CCR6⁺ and CXCR5⁺ were calculated for total CD4 or CD8 T cells. (b) Frequency (%) of Th1 (CXCR3⁺CCR6^—), Th1/Th17 (CXCR3⁺CCR6⁺) and Th17 (CXCR3^—CCR6⁺) were calculated in CD4 memory T cells (CD45RO⁺) that were either CXCR5^— and CXCR5⁺. Spearman’s correlations (rho) between the alpha diversity and chemokine expression were calculated. Colour of squares indicate magnitude of correlation (Rho), significant p values are superimposed on the square. Subject groups were either all MS patients and controls together (All, n ​= ​35), untreated MS patients (MS, n ​= ​15) or healthy controls (C, n ​= ​20).