Table 1.
List of diagnostic labels for different liver diseases. A large variety of liver diseases affecting different structures of the organ and being caused by a variety of pathogenic triggers.
Liver Diseases | Causes | Risks factors | Involvement of antibodies and/or Complement | Laboratory Assays |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infections |
|
|
+++++ Immune complexes [19] |
Serology and PCR |
|
|
[20,21] | Serology, PCR, microbial cultures, microscopy & histology | |
Autoimmunity Immune system abnormality |
|
|
+++++ Autoantibodies [22] |
IIF, ELISA and Immunoblot Ultrasound, Liver biopsy & Transarterial chemoembolization |
NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) Including NASH (non alcoholic steatotic hepatitis) |
|
|
[23] [24] |
Gamma – GT ↑ Extended Lab tests: transaminases, lipids, glucose, histology. exclude HBV/HCV |
AFLD (alcoholic fatty liver disease) |
|
|
C1q [25] C3, C1q, D [26] |
CDT (Carbohydrate-Deficient-Transferrin) ↑Ethylglucuronid ↑ Extended Lab tests: Gamma-GT, IgA, transaminases, cholinesterase, albumin, clotting factors, haemogram |
Genetics | Hemochromatosis type 1 |
|
|
|
Hyperoxaluria and oxalosis Wilson’s disease |
|
|
||
Alpha-1Antitrypsin deficiency | • NA |
|
||
Familial intrahepatic cholestasis | Genetic background, Liver transplantation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Liver regeneration and other | Drug and poison induced | Drug therapy induced on diverse illnesses and unknowingly contact with poison (e. g.: fungal, heavy metals, carbon tetrachloride) | [29] [30] [31] |
|
Footnotes: NA: not applicable.