Table 2.
Epigenetic mechanisms in neurological autoimmune diseases.
| Neurological autoimmune Disease | Related epigenetic mechanism | Observed change | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narcolepsy | DNA methylation | Genes associated with narcolepsy present more DMP. Methylation in the ccr3 region. | [249] |
| miRNA | miR-30c, let-7f and miR-26a are overexpressed in type 1 narcolepsy. | [250] | |
| miR-155 and miR-125b are increased in drug-naïve patients, mediating an inflammatory mechanism of T cells. | [251] | ||
| Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease | DNA methylation | Hypermethylation in the promoter of GATA3, IRF8, IL4, and TGFβ. | [252] |
| miRNA | miR-20a-5p suppresses the production of IL-17 through the genes oncostatin M and CCL1. | [253] | |
| Autoimmune encephalomyelitis | miRNA | miR-129-5p inhibits the progress of epilepsy related to autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting HMGB1 expression and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. | [254] |
| Behçet’s disease | miRNA | miR-185 levels are decreased in the disease. There is a moderate inverse correlation between the levels of CPLX1 and miR-185. | [255] |
| GBS | miRNA | has-miR-4717-5p and has-miR-642b-5p were upregulated in patients with GBS. It is possible that dysregulation affects cell survival and axonal growth. | [256] |
| Myositis | Histone modification | Decrease in SIRT1 deacetylase activity in sporadic inclusion-body myositis patients. | [257] |
| miRNA | Plasma levels of hsa-miR-4442 in active PM and DM are very high. | [258] | |
| miR-206 is decreased in DM patients. It is necessary for differentiation and maintenance of adult skeletal muscle. | [259] | ||
| MiR-146a controls inflammatory infiltration through TRAF6 and IL-17/ICAM-1 in PM and DM. | [260] |
CCL1: chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 1, CPLX1: complexin 1, DM: dermatomyositis, DMP: differentially methylated position, DNA: desoxyribose nucleic acid, GATA3: GATA Binding Protein 3, GBS: Guillain-Barré syndrome, ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IL: interleukin, IRF8: interferon regulatory factor 8, NFkB: Nuclear factor kappa B, PM: polymiosytis, RNA: ribonucleic acid, SIRT1: sirtuin 1, TGF: transforming growth factor, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6.