Fig. 1.

Clinical manifestations of local cytokine release syndrome (L-CRS). a–f In the early stage of CAR T-cell treatment, B-NHL patients may exhibit a significant local inflammatory response, mainly manifested as local swelling and redness. For example, patient 6 had a significant L-CRS response within 5 days after receiving CAR T treatment, but during this period, the proportion of CAR T cells to CD3 positive cells (g), the number of CAR DNA copies in PB (h) and the level of IL-6 in PB (i) remained at a low level. j The RNAscope results of patient 7 indicated that a large number of CAR T cells infiltrated into B-NHL lesions. B-NHL B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CAR chimeric antigen receptor, IL-6 interleukin-6, PB peripheral blood