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Flow diagram demonstrating the number of patients at each phase of the study. R, TAP block with 0.3% ropivacaine; RD1, TAP block with ropivacaine and 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine; RD2, TAP block with ropivacaine and 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine; RD3, TAP block with ropivacaine and 2 µg/kg dexmedetomidine.
