Table 2.
Normative reference gait and turn data for the self-selected pace condition.
| i-WALK domain parameters | 5–6 (n=22) | 7–8 (n=29) | 9–10 (n=22) | 11–13 (n=_0) | 14–21 (n=25) | 22–30 (n=35) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait speed | ||||||
| Stride length (m) | 0.99 ± 0.11 | 1.10 ± 0.13 | 1.20 ± 0.13 | 1.3 2 ± 0.13 | 1.34 ± 0.16 | 1.42 ± 0.12 |
| Stride length (% stature) | 85.46 ± 9.38 | 85.37 ± 7.79 | 84.70 ± 8.73 | 83.53 ± 7.07 | 79.69 ± 7.97 | 81.56 ± 6.16 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.11 ± 0.12 | 1.19 ± 0.16 | 1.25 ± 0.17 | 1.34 ± 0.14 | 1.28 ± 0.15 | 1.36 ± 0.17 |
| Gait speed (% stature/s) | 96.41 ± 10.13 | 92.70 ± 12.00 | 87.8 7 ± 11.68 | 85.23 ± 11.69 | 76.57 ± 9.62 | 78.34 ± 10.22 |
| Gait variability | ||||||
| Stride length CoV | 0.14 ± 0.12 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Female | 0.18 ± 0.15**** | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.02 |
| Male | 0.09 ± 0.05**** | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Gait rhythm | ||||||
| Cadence (steps/min) | 138.95 ± 9.06 | 131.09 ± 11.79 | 124.20 ± 9.02 | 122.03 ± 10.94 | 115.35 ± 8.18 | 114.84 ± 9.78 |
| Normalized cadence | 120.65 ± 11.87 | 102.24 ± 14.23 | 87.54 ± 7.53 | 77.78 ± 11.91 | 69.29 ± 8.44 | 66.18 ± 8.40 |
| Gait cycle phase | ||||||
| Swing (%) | 42.09 ± 1.82 | 41.32 ± 1.99 | 41.38 ± 1.59 | 42.19 ± 1.22 | 41.07 ± 1.64 | 41.21 ± 1.07 |
| Stance (%) | 57.9 1 ± 1.82 | 58.68 ± 1.99 | 58.62 ± 1.59 | 57.81 ± 1.22 | 58.93 ± 1.64 | 58.79 ± 1.07 |
| Double support (%) | 16.29 ± 3.61 | 17.57 ± 3.79 | 17.28 ± 3.11 | 15.67 ± 2.37 | 17.85 ± 3.29 | 17.58 ± 2.12 |
| Movement transition | ||||||
| Peak turn velocity (degrees/s) | 275.86 ± 55.05 | 318.01 ± 77.25 | 308.33 ± 75.17 | 288.79 ± 47.94 | 235.68 ± 45.47 | 220.93 ± 44.76 |
| Turn duration (s) | 1.50 ± 0.37 | 1.50 ± 0.33 | 1.61 ± 0.25 | 1.61 ± 0.27 | 1.82 ± 0.33 | 1.93 ± 0.31 |
| Number steps to Turn | 3.07 ± 0.82 | 2.93 ± 0.97 | 3.01 ± 0.57 | 2.99 ± 0.52 | 3.18 ± 0.64 | 3.38 ± 0.52 |
| Foot position | ||||||
| FSA (degrees) | ---- | 35.88 ± 19.06 | 28.07 ± 4.61 | 26.82 ± 3.78 | 25.76 ± 4.83 | 25.96 ± 3.90 |
| TOA (degrees) | ---- | 33.43 ± 14.06 | 38.77 ± 2.86 | 38.92 ± 2.00 | 39.37 ±3.24 | 39.43 ± 3.53 |
| Toe out angle | ---- | 3.21 ± 8.73 | 4.60 ± 6.27 | 4.71 ± 4.52 | 5.82 ± 7.37 | 6.24 ± 5.28 |
Data presented as female and male only when statistically significant differences were observe d between the sexes. Key: FSA, Foot strike angle; TOA, Toe off angle
****
p<0.0001