Table 3.
Normative reference gait and turn data for the fast pace condition.
| i-WALK domain parameters | 5–6 (n=21) | 7–8 (n=26) | 9–10(n=22) | 11–13 (n-29) | 14–21 (n=24) | 22–30 (n=37) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait speed | ||||||
| Stride length (m) | 1.04 ± 0.09 | 1.17 ± 0.16 | 1.31 ± 0.13 | 1.45 ± 0.16 | 1.50 ± 0.18 | 1.61 ± 0.19 |
| Female | 1.08 ± 0.07 | 1.11 ± 0.16* | 1.29 ± 0.15 | 1.45 ± 0.13 | 1.42 ± 0.14*** | 1.5 ± 0.18**** |
| Male | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 1.23 ± 0.15* | 1.33 ± 0.11 | 1.45 ± 0.18 | 1.62 ± 0.16*** | 1.72 ± 0.12**** |
| Stride length (% stature) | 89.08 ± 10.45 | 90.88 ± 9.50 | 92.15 ± 8.88 | 91.20 ± 8.36 | 89.31 ± 8.37 | 92.58 ± 7.95 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.26 ± 0.17 | 1.46 ± 0.14 | 1.59 ± 0.19 | 1.70 ± 0.16 | 1.65 ± 0.17 | 1.81 ± 0.22 |
| Gait speed (% stature/s) | 107.87 ± 14.17 | 114.30 ± 8.55 | 111.95 ± 13.08 | 106.85 ± 13.02 | 98.58 ± 10.35 | 103.84 ± 10.88 |
| Gait variability | ||||||
| Stride length CoV | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.10 ± 0.08 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.01 |
| Gait rhythm | ||||||
| Cadence (steps/min) | 147.62 ± 17.80 | 150.92 ± 9.97 | 148.04 ± 11.03 | 140.80 ± 13.23 | 132.73 ± 8.84 | 134.32 ± 9.34 |
| Normalized cadence | 126.52 ± 16.08 | 118.41 ± 13.22 | 104.17 ± 9.11 | 88.83 ± 13.73 | 79.49 ± 9.53 | 77.63 ± 8.61 |
| Gait cycle phase | ||||||
| Swing (%) | 41.76 ± 3.58 | 42.63 ± 2.42 | 43.61 ± 1.48 | 44.48 ± 1.32 | 43.09 ± 1.84 | 43.59 ± 1.35 |
| Stance (%) | 58.24 ± 3.58 | 57.37 ± 2.42 | 56.39 ± 1.48 | 55.52 ± 1.32 | 56.91 ± 1.84 | 56.41 ± 1.35 |
| Double support (%) | 15.74 ± 5.47 | 15.34 ± 4.48 | 13.56 ± 2.16 | 11.45 ± 3.03 | 14.14 ± 3.31 | 13.27 ± 2.22 |
| Movement transition | ||||||
| Peak turn velocity | 300.21 ± 58.07 | 360.45 ± 69.84 | 357.33 ± 72.57 | 341.14 ± 50.18 | 281.75 ± 45.34 | 277.63 ± 54.84 |
| Turn duration (s) | 1.55 ± 0.36 | 1.40 ± 0.20 | 1.39 ± 0.27 | 1.47 ± 0.23 | 1.65 ± 0.27 | 1.67 ± 0.25 |
| Number steps to turn | 3.07 ± 0.98 | 3.11 ± 0.60 | 3.03 ± 0.84 | 3.16 ± 0.60 | 3.40 ± 0.74 | 3.41 ± 0.64 |
| Foot position | ||||||
| FSA (degrees) | ---- | 36.78 ± 19.94 | 28.91 ± 4.35 | 29.22 ± 2.98 | 28.89 ± 4.85 | 28.74 ± 3.83 |
| TOA (degrees) | ---- | 35.28 ± 15.18 | 40.67 ± 3.17 | 40.57 ± 1.85 | 41.71 ± 2.90 | 41.17 ± 3.94 |
| Toe out angle (degrees) | ---- | 6.21 ± 13.12 | 4.18 ± 6.73 | 4.22 ± 4.84 | 5.39 ± 6.66 | 4.49 ± 4.92 |
Data presented as female and male only when statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes. Key: FSA, Foot strike angle; TOA, Toe off angle
*
p<0.05
***
p<0.001
****
p<0.0001