Goodill 2005.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods | RCT. Compared brief dance/movement therapy for adult CF patients during an exacerbation of CF symptomatology to standard care. In the study it was explored whether treatment group participants would show more positive mood state, better adherence with self‐care expectations, and a healthier and/or more positive body image. |
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Participants | Participants were 17 years or older and hospitalised for CF treatment. All were Caucasian except one, who was African‐American. Pre‐test and post‐test data were collected for 42 participants, follow‐up data for 24 participants (14 in the treatment group and 10 in the control group). |
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Interventions | The intervention consisted of 3 individual or small group DMT sessions over a 7‐ to l0‐day time period. DMT, a creative arts psychotherapy, utilizes guided movement activity with creative and non‐verbal communication processes for increasing self‐awareness, enhancing expressive competence, and integrating cognitive, physical, social, and emotional functioning. | |
Outcomes | Mood state was measured with 'The Profile of Mood States' (POMS): scores for 'Total Mood Disturbance' and 6 subscales: 'Tension'; 'Depression'; 'Fatigue'; 'Confusion'; 'Anger'; and 'Vigor'. Body image was assessed with human figure drawings created by the participants and rated by trained raters (levels of acceptable agreement r = .85). Adherence: an adherence questionnaire developed for this study posed two simple questions regarding adherence with physician instructions for exercise and nutrition regimens: "How much did you do of what was instructed for exercise? for nutrition?" Response options were, "l did almost everything" (or "about half" or "little or nothing") of "what I was expected to do.” |
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Notes | Contacted the leading author for detailed data on the outcome measures. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | The author only provided the information that "randomization formed groups similar in age, gender, and disease severity" (Goodill 2005, p. 76). |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | The author did not describe details of allocation concealment. |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Participants and personnel providing the intervention were not able to be blinded due to the nature of the intervention. Research assistants, who conducted pre‐ and post‐testing were blinded to group assignments (Goodill 2005, p.76). |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | The author reported a high rate of dropouts at follow up. The percentage of dropouts in each group is unclear. A complete data set was only for 14 participants available, although 42 participants have been randomised. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Means and SDs for all outcome parameters for intervention and control group were not reported in the published article. Of the reported measure it was not prespecified which is the primary outcome. |