Table 2.

Descriptive summary of 4 studies reporting the associated risk factors of birth defects among newborn in sub-Saharan African countries included in the systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors	Publication year	Country	Region	Variables		Birth defects
						Yes	No
Mashuda et al.	2014	Tanzania	Mwanza	Maternal folic acid supplementation	Yes	8	59
					No	122	253
Adane and Seyoum	2018	Ethiopia	Northwest Ethiopia		Yes	33	155
					No	71	62
Taye et al.	2018	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa and Amhara Region		Yes	2	22
					No	205	185
Kishimba et al.	2015	>Tanzania	Dar Es Salaam		Yes	73	252
					No	25	48
Adane and Seyoum	2018	Ethiopia	Northwest Ethiopia	Maternal illness	Yes	62	105
					No	32	147
Taye et al.	2018	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa and Amhara Region		Yes	24	13
					No	183	194
Kishimba et al.	2015	Tanzania	Dar Es Salaam		Yes	14	11
					No	86	289
Adane and Seyoum	2018	Ethiopia	Northwest Ethiopia	Maternal history of medication	Yes	73	31
					No	31	132
Taye et al.	2018	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa and Amhara Region		Yes	35	8