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. 2020 Jul 20;2020(7):CD013684. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013684

NCT02867657.

Methods Study design: RCT
Study grouping: parallel
Unit of randomisation: individuals
Power (power & sample size calculation, level of power achieved): not specified in trial registration
Imputation of missing data: not specified
Participants Country: Denmark
Setting: training setting not specified
Age: not specified
Sample size (randomised): 72 (estimated enrolment)
Sex: not specified
Comorbidity (mean (SD) of respective measures in indicated, if available) at baseline: not specified
Population description: bachelor students at Danish Universities and University Colleges
Inclusion criteria: 1) age 18 years and older (adult, older adult); 2) bachelor student at a Danish Universities or University Colleges; 3) a score of 16 or above on the PSS
Exclusion criteria: 1) smoking; 2) psychiatric diagnosis (depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder, psychosis); 3) untreated ADHD, autism, abuse and risk of suicide
Attrition (withdrawals and exclusions): not specified
Reasons for missing data: not specified
Interventions Intervention: mindfulness in nature (n randomised not specified)
  • delivery: not specified; probably face‐to‐face

  • providers: not specified

  • duration of treatment period and timing: 5 days

  • description: mindfulness retreat in nature; MBSR curriculum with meditation and yoga

  • compliance: not specified

  • integrity of delivery: not specified

  • economic information: not specified

  • theoretical basis: MBSR


Control 1: attention control: mindfulness indoor (n randomised not specified)
  • delivery: not specified; probably face‐to‐face

  • providers: not specified

  • duration of treatment period and timing: 5 days

  • description: mindfulness retreat indoor; MBSR curriculum with meditation and yoga

  • compliance: not specified

  • integrity of delivery: not specified

  • economic information: not specified

  • theoretical basis: MBSR


Control 2: wait‐list control (n randomised not specified)
  • delivery: not specified; probably face‐to‐face

  • providers: not specified

  • duration of treatment period and timing: 2 days

  • description: mindfulness retreat in nature is offered 6 months later

  • compliance: not specified

Outcomes Outcomes collected and reported:
Primary outcomes:
  • stress ‐ PSS

  • self‐compassion ‐ SCS


Secondary outcomes:
  • mindfulness ‐ FFMQ

  • breath counting ‐ behavioural measurement of attention

  • Nuclear Factor‐kB gene expression

  • Interleukin (IL)‐1 gene expression

  • IL‐6 gene expression

  • C‐reactice protein expression

  • heart rate variability

  • blood pressure

  • Connectedness to Nature Scale

  • Glucocorticoid Receptor gene expression

  • Receptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase‐2 gene expression

  • Tumor Necrosis Factror (TNF)‐α gene expression

  • C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 gene expression

  • IL‐8 gene expression

  • Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene expression

  • TERC gene expression

  • IL‐1β protein expression

  • IL‐2 protein expression

  • IL‐4 protein expression

  • IL‐6 protein expression

  • IL‐8 protein expression

  • IL‐10 protein expression

  • IL‐12p70 protein expression

  • IL‐13 protein expression

  • TNF‐α protein expression

  • Interferon‐ɣ protein expression


Outcomes reported not specified
Time points measured and reported: 1) post‐intervention (at end of 5‐day retreat); time points reported not specified
Adverse events: not specified
Notes Contact with authors: We contacted the authors for the trial status and the potential inclusion of healthcare students, but received no response
Study start/end date: June 2016 ‐ November 2018 (estimated completion date according to trial registration)
Funding source: VIA University College
Declaration of interest: not specified
Ethical approval needed/obtained for study: not specified
Comments by study authors: not relevant
Miscellaneous outcomes by the review authors: unclear if healthcare students were included; trial status unclear
Correspondence: Jesper Dahlgaard, PhD; VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark, DK‐8200; jesd@via.dk; phone: +45 8755 2992