| Interventions |
Intervention: Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) and art therapy (engraving on copper) (n = 12)
delivery: face‐to‐face, group sessions provider: researchers duration of treatment period and timing: 10 weekly 2‐hour sessions; REBT sessions: presenting programme of REBT for 50 minutes + summarising for 10 minutes; homework assignments -
description:
purpose of REBT interventions in this research: change cognitive (thinking), emotive (feeling) with behavioural (acting) techniques for the improvement of participants and to assist them in the development of their individual adaptive behaviour SESSION 1: a) REBT: introducing, “Quick Autobiographies” technique, aims and process group, consent and contract forms, summary and conclusion; b) art: “Breathing” technique, talking about craft, engraving and art therapy, process of engraving, disputing about selected images, summary SESSION 2: a) REBT: “name games” technique, reviewing previous session, “here and now”, presenting A‐B‐C model: A (activating events), B (behaviour), and C (consequence), “self‐talk”, “Shame‐attacking” technique and role‐playing, summary and conclusion; b) art: practising “Mirroring” technique and role‐playing, pasting pictures onto plates of wood, appearing feeling and thinking about art‐making, summary SESSION 3: a) REBT: recalling A–B–C model, representing A–B–C–D–E, “should”, “ought”, and “musts”, presenting homework about A–B–C–D–E model and self‐help form, summary and conclusion; b) art: presenting “Self‐portraits: Realistic Tools” technique, making chisel, engraving into wood, encouraging members to express their feelings and thinking about process of the meeting and presenting feedback to each other, summary SESSION 4: a) REBT: recalling A–B–C–D–E model, learning of Ellis’s 15 main irrational, monitoring negative automatic thoughts and presenting homework assignments, summary and conclusion; b) art: Masks” technique, continuous engraving on the wood and pasting pictures on copper plates, disputing, summary SESSION 5: a) REBT: presenting a summary of previous week sessions, monitoring homework assignment, “cognitive disputing” technique, and role‐playing, presenting homework, summary and conclusion; b) art: training “Advertisements” technique and role‐playing, starting engraving onto copper, discussing about artwork, presenting feedback, summary SESSION 6: a) REBT: reviewing the previous session; monitoring homework assignment; “Reframing” technique, role‐playing and feedback; “Coping self‐statements” technique, role‐playing, feedback; presenting homework; summary and conclusion; b) art: presenting “Aspects of Self” technique, role‐playing; continuous engraving onto plates of copper, discussing about artwork, feedback; summary SESSION 7: a) REBT: reviewing the previous session; monitoring homework assignment, training “imaginal disputing” technique, role‐playing, feedback; presenting homework about “imaginal disputing” technique, summary; b) art: presenting “self‐statements” technique and role‐playing; continuous engraving, discussing about artwork and presenting feedback; summary SESSION 8: a) REBT: reviewing the previous session; monitoring homework assignment, training “behaviour disputing” technique, role‐playing, feedback; presenting homework about “behaviour disputing” technique, summarise; b) art: presenting “good or bad” technique, role‐playing; continuation of engraving, discussing about artwork, feedback; summary SESSION 9: a) REBT: reviewing the previous session; monitoring homework assignment, explaining “cost‐benefit analysis” technique, “lifeline” technique; presenting a design for change in future life; summarise and conclusion; b) art: presenting “Losses” technique and role‐playing; continuation of engraving, discussing about artwork, presenting feedback; summary SESSION 10: a) REBT: reviewing the previous session; expressing final sentences by the counsellor, sharing thoughts and feelings concerning the final of the group; encouraging members to express changes, understanding, and insights themselves during the process of REBT; participants wrote a letter about themselves to important people in their lives; b) art: describing “Reviewing Artwork”; separating images created from the pitch; the facilitator closed the group session with arguments of tenderness, presenting positive feedback; post‐test assessments (Self‐esteem and Resilience Questionnaire) were completed by participants
compliance: not specified integrity of delivery: not specified economic information : not specified theoretical basis: Rational emotive behaviour therapy: important view to cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) as the approach uses cognitive (thinking), emotive (feeling), and behavioural (acting) techniques for the improvement of participants and treatment of mental disorders; art therapy based on Liebmann 2004: warming up, art‐making, discussion
Control: wait‐list control (n = 12)
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