Table 2.

Per-case monetary estimates of each health end point (Shea et al. 2020).

Study basis	Health end point	Cost of illness definition	Unit value (2015$)
PTB
Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes 2007	Any PTB	$\begin{array}{c}\text{Medical costs\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{\hspace{0.17em}special education costs\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{lost productivity costs}\end{array}$, 3% discount rate (DR)	70,101
LBW
Russell et al. 2007	LBW among those with slow growth/malnutrition	Initial hospital costs	15,560
ASD
Buescher et al. 2014	ASDs with intellectual disability	$\begin{array}{c}\text{Medical costs}+\text{non-medical expenditures}+\text{special education costs\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{\hspace{0.17em}lost productivity costs}\end{array}$, 3% DR	3,109,096
	ASDs without intellectual disability	$\begin{array}{c}\text{Medical costs}+\text{non-medical expenditures}+\text{special education costs\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{\hspace{0.17em}lost productivity costs}\end{array}$, 3% DR	1,805,941
Asthma
Nurmagambetov et al. 2018	Age 3 y onset, no persistence into adulthood	$\begin{array}{c}\text{Medical costs\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{\hspace{0.17em}absentee costs}\end{array}$, 3% DR	23,573
	Age 3 y onset, persistence into adulthood	$\begin{array}{c}\text{Medical costs\hspace{0.17em}}+\text{\hspace{0.17em}absentee costs}\end{array}$, 3% DR	91,954

Note: The values for asthma and ASD include high and low values. For asthma this is related to whether or not there is a persistence of the disorder into adulthood. For ASD this is related to whether there is an intellectual disability or not. For these end points, both the high and low per-case monetary estimate values were used, and the results are reported as a range. ASD, autism spectrum disorder; LBW, low birth weight; PTB, preterm birth.