Table 3.
Current Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Development Pipeline
| Manufacturer | Location | Technology Transfer Agreement | Product Details | Clinical Development Status | WHO Prequalification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bharat Biotech Int. Ltd | India | Own R&D | Vi-TT | Licensure in India, Nepal, Nigeria | WHO prequalified January 2018 |
| Bio-Med Pvt. Ltd | India | Own R&D | Vi-TT | Licensure in India | No plans for WHO PQ as of now |
| M/s Cadila Healthcare Limited | India | Unknown | Vi-TT | Licensed in India March 2018 | WHO PQ will be sought |
| PT Bio Farma | Indonesia | IVI | Vi-DT | Phase II | WHO PQ will be sought after Indonesian NRA |
| Finlay Institute | Cuba | Unknown | Vi-DT | Phase I | Unknown plans for WHO PQ |
| Lanzhou Institute (CNBG) | China | US NIH | Vi-rEPA | Licensure application submitted | Interest in WHO PQ; need support |
| SK Bioscience | S. Korea | IVI | Vi-DT | Phase II | WHO PQ will be sought after licensure |
| Incepta | Bangladesh | IVI | Vi-DT | Preclinical | Interest in WHO PQ; need support |
| Biological E | India | NVGH (GSK) | Vi-CRM | Phase III | WHO PQ will be sought after licensure |
| DAVAC | Vietnam | Own R&D | Vi-DT | Preclinical | NA |
| Eubiologics | Korea | Own R&D | Vi-TT | Phase I | Interest in WHO PQ: Unknown |
Abbreviations: CNBG, China National Biotec Group; DT, diphtheria toxoid; IVI, International Vaccine Institute; NA, not available; NIH, National Institutes of Health; NVGH, Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health; NRA, National Regulatory agency; R&D, research and development; rEPA, recombinant A subunit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoprotein; TT, tetanus toxoid; WHO, World Health Organization.