Table 5.

Comparisons between patients with and without intubation

	Intubation	Without intubation	p
	N = 6	N = 30
Age, years	72 ± 14	57 ± 15	0.03⁎
Male (%)	3 (50%)	21 (70%)	0.38
APACHE II score	13 ± 7	8 ± 3	<0.01⁎
SOFA score	5 ± 2	3 ± 1	<0.01⁎
From HFNC or NIV initiation to termination, days	8.4 (4.4–18.5)	7.1 (3.9–10.3)	0.52
Laboratory tests
White blood cell counts, ×109/L	4.7 ± 2.0	6.6 ± 2.6	0.08
Neutrophil percentage, %	71 ± 9	80 ± 8	0.02⁎
Lymphocyte count, ×109/L	0.95 ± 0.42	0.78 ± 0.35	0.30
Platelet counts, ×109/L	106 (66–129)	159 (125–275)	<0.01⁎
Hemoglobin, mg/dL	120 ± 13	124 ± 19	0.62
Albumin, g/L	33 ± 3	36 ± 4	0.11
Potassium, mmol/L	3.6 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.5	0.22
Sodium, mmol/L	139 ± 7	136 ± 4	0.15
Chlorine, mmol/L	103 ± 5	102 ± 5	0.68
Creatinine, μmol/L	80 (52–116)	65 (56–77)	0.33
ALT, U/L	35 (16–58)	32 (22–65)	0.63
AST, U/L	62 (44–81)	35 (26–49)	0.03⁎
Total bilirubin, μmol/L	10 (7–15)	13 (11–18)	0.11
C-reactive protein, mg/L	113 (72–162)	35 (22–57)	<0.01⁎
Procalcitonin, ng/mL	0.07 (0.04–0.11)	0.07 (0.04–0.12)	>0.99
Vital signs collected at baseline
Respiratory rate, breaths/min	30 ± 9	25 ± 4	0.06
Heart rate, beats/min	93 ± 17	88 ± 16	0.54
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg	83 ± 10	92 ± 10	0.04⁎
pH	7.46 ± 0.07	7.45 ± 0.06	0.87
PaCO2, mmHg	36 ± 5	35 ± 5	0.48
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg	180 ± 47	186 ± 49	0.81
Vital signs collected at1–2 h of HFNC or NIV
Respiratory rate, breaths/min	24 ± 6	24 ± 4	0.90
Heart rate, beats/min	91 ± 16	86 ± 18	0.52
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg	86 ± 8	89 ± 8	0.37
pH	7.45 ± 0.06	7.46 ± 0.05	0.71
PaCO2, mmHg	37 ± 7	35 ± 4	0.26
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg	179 ± 55	217 ± 86	0.30

HFNC = high flow nasal cannula, NIV = noninvasive ventilation, APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase,

^⁎p < .05 for comparison between patients with and without intubation.