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. 2020 May 19;2020(5):CD011737. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub2

Comparison 2. SFA reduction vs usual diet ‐ secondary health events.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
2.1 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.2 MI, SA by low summary risk of bias 3 49857 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.81, 1.08]
2.3 MI, SA aim to reduce SFA 10 52991 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.78, 1.02]
2.4 MI, SA statistically significant SFA reduction 6 52180 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.85, 1.04]
2.5 MI, SA by TC reduction 9 52952 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.77, 1.01]
2.6 MI, SA excluding WHI 10 4332 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.73, 0.98]
2.7 MI, SA Mantel‐Haenszel fixed‐effect 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.84, 1.01]
2.8 MI, SA Peto fixed‐effect 11 53167 Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.83, 1.01]
2.9 MI, subgroup by any substitution 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.9.1 replaced by PUFA 7 3895 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.67, 1.02]
2.9.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.40 [0.51, 3.85]
2.9.3 replace by CHO 4 51099 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.86, 1.06]
2.9.4 replaced by protein 3 51044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.86, 1.07]
2.9.5 replacement unclear 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.19, 21.94]
2.10 MI, subgroup by main substitution 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.10.1 replaced by PUFA 6 3840 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.67, 1.04]
2.10.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.40 [0.51, 3.85]
2.10.3 replace by CHO 3 49066 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.86, 1.09]
2.10.4 replaced by protein 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.10.5 replacement unclear 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.19, 21.94]
2.11 MI, subgroup by duration 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.11.1 up to 24mo 4 2348 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.77, 1.17]
2.11.2 >24 to 48mo 3 1294 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.64, 1.06]
2.11.3 >48mo 2 49247 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.54, 1.24]
2.11.4 unclear 2 278 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.41 [0.02, 7.73]
2.12 MI, subgroup by baseline SFA 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.12.1 up to 12%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.12.2 >12 to 15%E SFA baseline 4 51279 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.87, 1.07]
2.12.3 >15 to 18%E SFA baseline 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.05, 5.39]
2.12.4 >18%E SFA baseline 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.55, 1.05]
2.12.5 unclear 5 987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.54, 1.30]
2.13 MI, subgroup by SFA change 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.13.1 up to 4%E difference 4 51279 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.87, 1.07]
2.13.2 >4 to 8%E difference 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.05, 5.39]
2.13.3 >8%E difference 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.55, 1.05]
2.13.4 unclear 5 987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.54, 1.30]
2.14 MI, subgroup by sex 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.14.1 Men 7 3819 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.73, 0.98]
2.14.2 Women 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.86, 1.09]
2.14.3 Mixed, men and women 3 513 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.13, 4.47]
2.15 MI, subgroup by CVD risk 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.15.1 Low CVD risk 2 49681 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.72, 1.13]
2.15.2 Moderate CVD risk 3 513 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.13, 4.47]
2.15.3 Existing CVD disease 6 2973 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.74, 1.03]
2.16 MI, subgroup by TC reduction 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.16.1 serum chol reduced by at least 0.2mmol/L 8 4117 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.70, 0.98]
2.16.2 serum chol reduced by <0.2mmol/L 3 49050 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.87, 1.10]
2.16.3 serum chol reduction unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.17 MI, subgroup decade of publication 11 53167 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.80, 1.01]
2.17.1 1960s 5 1731 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.64, 1.00]
2.17.2 1970s 1 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.08 [0.00, 1.33]
2.17.3 1980s 1 2033 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.73, 1.14]
2.17.4 1990s 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.05, 5.39]
2.17.5 2000s 3 49246 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.87, 1.10]
2.18 NON‐FATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.19 Non‐fatal MI, SA by low summary risk of bias 2 49681 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.58, 1.35]
2.20 Non‐fatal MI, SA aim to reduce SFA 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.21 Non‐fatal MI, SA statistically significant SFA reduction 4 51949 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.72, 1.14]
2.22 Non‐fatal MI, SA by TC reduction 7 52795 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.23 Non‐fatal MI, SA excluding WHI 7 3999 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.64, 1.04]
2.24 Non‐fatal MI, SA Mantel‐Haenszel fixed‐effect 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.08]
2.25 Non‐fatal MI, SA Peto fixed‐effect 8 52834 Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.08]
2.26 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by any substitution 8   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.26.1 replaced by PUFA 5 3738 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.63, 1.03]
2.26.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.20 [0.42, 3.45]
2.26.3 replace by CHO 2 50868 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.72, 1.21]
2.26.4 replaced by protein 2 50868 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.72, 1.21]
2.26.5 replacement unclear 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.19, 21.94]
2.27 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by main substitution 8   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.27.1 replaced by PUFA 5 3738 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.63, 1.03]
2.27.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.20 [0.42, 3.45]
2.27.3 replace by CHO 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.90, 1.13]
2.27.4 replaced by protein 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.27.5 replacement unclear 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.19, 21.94]
2.28 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by duration 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.28.1 up to 24mo 4 2348 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.57, 1.22]
2.28.2 >24 to 48mo 2 1239 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.53, 1.27]
2.28.3 >48mo 2 49247 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]
2.28.4 unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.29 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by baseline SFA 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.29.1 up to 12%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.29.2 >12 to 15%E SFA baseline 3 51103 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.83, 1.13]
2.29.3 >15 to 18%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.29.4 >18%E SFA baseline 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.31, 1.21]
2.29.5 unclear 4 885 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.65, 1.27]
2.30 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by SFA change 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.30.1 up to 4%E difference 3 51103 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.83, 1.13]
2.30.2 >4 to 8%E difference 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.30.3 >8%E difference 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.31, 1.21]
2.30.4 unclear 4 885 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.65, 1.27]
2.31 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by sex 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.31.1 Men 6 3764 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.81 [0.63, 1.03]
2.31.2 Women 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.90, 1.13]
2.31.3 Mixed, men and women 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.19, 21.94]
2.32 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by CVD risk 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.80, 1.13]
2.32.1 Low CVD risk 2 47404 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.68, 1.12]
2.32.2 Moderate CVD risk 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.19, 21.94]
2.32.3 Existing CVD disease 6 5195 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.76, 1.31]
2.33 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup by TC reduction 8   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.33.1 serum chol reduced by at least 0.2mmol/L 6 3960 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.62, 1.03]
2.33.2 serum chol reduced by <0.2mmol/L 2 48874 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.90, 1.13]
2.33.3 serum chol reduction unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.34 Non‐fatal MI, subgroup decade of publication 8 52834 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.34.1 1960s 5 1731 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.62, 1.13]
2.34.2 1970s 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.34.3 1980s 1 2033 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.74 [0.48, 1.14]
2.34.4 1990s 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.34.5 2000s 2 49070 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.90, 1.13]
2.35 STROKE 7 50952 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.68, 1.25]
2.36 Stroke, SA by low summary risk of bias 3 49857 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.42, 1.38]
2.37 Stroke, SA aim to reduce SFA 6 50776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.90, 1.14]
2.38 Stroke, SA statistically significant SFA reduction 5 50147 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.55, 1.25]
2.39 Stroke, SA by TC reduction 6 50776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.90, 1.14]
2.40 Stroke, SA excluding WHI 6 2117 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.35, 1.14]
2.41 Stroke, SA Mantel‐Haenszel fixed‐effect 7 50952 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.89, 1.13]
2.42 Stroke, SA Peto fixed‐effect 7 50952 Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.89, 1.14]
2.43 Stroke, subgroup by any substitution 7   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.43.1 replaced by PUFA 4 1706 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.37, 1.27]
2.43.2 replaced by MUFA 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.43.3 replace by CHO 3 49066 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.29, 1.87]
2.43.4 replaced by protein 2 49011 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.15, 2.75]
2.43.5 replacement unclear 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.06, 15.93]
2.44 Stroke, subgroup by main substitution 7   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.44.1 replaced by PUFA 3 1651 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.31, 2.69]
2.44.2 replaced by MUFA 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.44.3 replace by CHO 3 49066 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.29, 1.87]
2.44.4 replaced by protein 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.44.5 replacement unclear 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.06, 15.93]
2.45 Stroke, subgroup by duration 6 50559 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
2.45.1 up to 24mo 1 235 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.06, 15.93]
2.45.2 >24 to 48mo 2 901 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.57 [0.30, 1.11]
2.45.3 >48mo 2 49247 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.91, 1.16]
2.45.4 unclear duration 1 176 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.20 [0.02, 1.68]
2.46 Stroke, subgroup by baseline SFA 6 50559 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
2.46.1 up to 12%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.46.2 >12 to 15%E SFA baseline 3 49246 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.50, 1.66]
2.46.3 >15 to 18%E SFA baseline 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.01, 8.12]
2.46.4 >18%E SFA baseline 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.30, 1.15]
2.46.5 unclear 1 412 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.00 [0.18, 21.89]
2.47 Stroke, subgroup by SFA change 6 50559 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
2.47.1 up to 4%E difference 3 49246 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.50, 1.66]
2.47.2 >4 to 8%E difference 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.01, 8.12]
2.47.3 >8%E difference 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.30, 1.15]
2.47.4 unclear 1 412 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.00 [0.18, 21.89]
2.48 Stroke, subgroup by sex 6 50559 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
2.48.1 Men 3 1313 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.63 [0.33, 1.18]
2.48.2 Women 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.91, 1.16]
2.48.3 Mixed, men and women 2 411 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.37 [0.07, 1.97]
2.49 Stroke, subgroup by CVD risk 6 50559 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.89, 1.11]
2.49.1 Low CVD risk 2 47404 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.52, 1.42]
2.49.2 Moderate CVD risk 2 411 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.37 [0.07, 1.97]
2.49.3 Existing CVD disease 3 2744 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.86, 1.18]
2.50 Stroke, subgroup by TC reduction 7   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.50.1 serum chol reduced by at least 0.2mmol/L 5 1941 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.38, 1.28]
2.50.2 serum chol reduced by <0.2mmol/L 2 49011 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.15, 2.75]
2.50.3 serum chol reduction unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.51 Stroke, subgroup decade of publication 7 50952 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.68, 1.25]
2.51.1 1960s 3 1651 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.31, 2.69]
2.51.2 1970s 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.51.3 1980s 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.51.4 1990s 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.35 [0.01, 8.12]
2.51.5 2000s 3 49246 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.50, 1.66]
2.52 CORONARY HEART DISEASE MORTALITY 9 53159 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.82, 1.16]
2.53 CHD mortality, SA by low summary risk of bias 3 50139 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.05 [0.77, 1.43]
2.54 CHD mortality, SA aim to reduce SFA 9 53159 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.82, 1.16]
2.55 CHD mortality, SA statistically significant SFA reduction 4 52172 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.84, 1.24]
2.56 CHD mortality, SA by TC reduction 8 53120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.81, 1.16]
2.57 CHD mortality, SA excluding WHI 8 4324 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.76, 1.24]
2.58 CHD mortality, SA Mantel‐Haenszel fixed‐effect 9 53159 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.86, 1.10]
2.59 CHD mortality, SA Peto fixed‐effect 9 53159 Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.85, 1.11]
2.60 CHD mortality, subgroup by any substitution 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.60.1 replaced by PUFA 7 4298 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.74, 1.28]
2.60.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.00 [0.33, 26.99]
2.60.3 replaced by CHO 2 50868 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.85, 1.16]
2.60.4 replaced by protein 2 50868 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.85, 1.16]
2.60.5 replacement unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.61 CHD mortality, subgroup by main substitution 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.61.1 replaced by PUFA 7 4298 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.74, 1.28]
2.61.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.00 [0.33, 26.99]
2.61.3 replaced by CHO 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.82, 1.20]
2.61.4 replaced by protein 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.61.5 replacement unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.62 CHD mortality, subgroup by duration 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.62.1 up to 24mo 3 2113 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.78, 1.33]
2.62.2 >24 to 48months 2 1239 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.87 [0.64, 1.19]
2.62.3 >48 months 3 49705 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.72, 1.45]
2.62.4 unclear duration 1 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.09 [0.01, 1.60]
2.63 CHD mortality, subgroup by baseline SFA 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.63.1 up to 12%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.63.2 >12% to 15%E SFA baseline 3 51326 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.07 [0.86, 1.34]
2.63.3 >15 to 18%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.63.4 >18%E SFA baseline 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.55, 1.21]
2.63.5 unclear 5 987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.56, 1.29]
2.64 CHD mortality, subgroup by SFA change 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.64.1 up to 4%E difference 3 51326 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.07 [0.86, 1.34]
2.64.2 >4 to 8%E difference 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.64.3 >8%E difference 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.55, 1.21]
2.64.4 unclear 5 987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.56, 1.29]
2.65 CHD mortality, subgroup by sex 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.65.1 Men 7 4222 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.79, 1.23]
2.65.2 Women 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.82, 1.20]
2.65.3 Mixed, men and women 1 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.09 [0.01, 1.60]
2.66 CHD mortality, subgroup by CVD risk 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.66.1 Low CVD risk 2 47404 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.78, 1.16]
2.66.2 Moderate CVD risk 1 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.09 [0.01, 1.60]
2.66.3 Existing CVD disease 7 5653 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.03 [0.83, 1.27]
2.67 CHD mortality, subgroup by TC reduction 9   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.67.1 serum chol reduced by at least 0.2mmol/L 7 4285 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.75, 1.24]
2.67.2 serum chol reduced by <0.2mmol/L 2 48874 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.82, 1.20]
2.67.3 serum chol reduction unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.68 CHD mortality, subgroup decade of publication 9 53159 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.82, 1.16]
2.68.1 1960s 5 1731 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.66, 1.06]
2.68.2 1970s 2 560 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.54 [0.03, 9.26]
2.68.3 1980s 1 2033 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.00 [0.76, 1.30]
2.68.4 1990s 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.68.5 2000s 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.82, 1.20]
2.69 CORONARY HEART DISEASE EVENTS 11 53199 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.68, 1.01]
2.70 CHD events, SA by low summary risk of bias 3 49857 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.77, 1.10]
2.71 CHD events, SA excluding WHI 10 4364 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.62, 1.03]
2.72 CHD events, SA statistically significant SFA reduction 6 52212 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.77, 1.06]
2.73 CHD events, SA by TC reduction 9 52984 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.65, 0.99]
2.74 CHD events, SA aim to reduce SFA 10 53023 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.67, 1.00]
2.75 CHD events, SA Mantel‐Haenszel fixed‐effect 11 53199 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.84, 0.99]
2.76 CHD events, SA Peto fixed‐effect 11 53199 Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.83, 0.99]
2.77 CHD events, subgroup by any substitution 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.77.1 replaced by PUFA 7 3895 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.57, 1.00]
2.77.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.50 [0.62, 3.61]
2.77.3 replaced by CHO 4 51104 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.78, 1.11]
2.77.4 replaced by protein 3 51044 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.88, 1.05]
2.77.5 replacement unclear 1 267 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.93 [0.31, 27.84]
2.78 CHD events, subgroup by main substitution 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.78.1 replaced by PUFA 6 3840 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.60, 1.04]
2.78.2 replaced by MUFA 1 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.50 [0.62, 3.61]
2.78.3 replaced by CHO 3 49071 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.39, 1.72]
2.78.4 replaced by protein 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.78.5 replacement unclear 1 267 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.93 [0.31, 27.84]
2.79 CHD events, subgroup by duration 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.79.1 up to 24 months 4 2380 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.76, 1.35]
2.79.2 >24 to 48 months 3 1294 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.55, 1.13]
2.79.3 >48 months 2 49247 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.63, 1.15]
2.79.4 unclear duration 2 278 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.10, 3.58]
2.80 CHD events, subgroup by baseline SFA 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.80.1 up to 12%E SFA baseline 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.80.2 >12 to 15%E SFA baseline 4 51311 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.88, 1.06]
2.80.3 >15 to 18%E SFA baseline 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.10, 1.01]
2.80.4 >18%E SFA baseline 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.56, 1.04]
2.80.5 unclear 5 987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.49, 1.26]
2.81 CHD events, subgroup by SFA change 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.81.1 up to 4%E difference 4 51311 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.88, 1.06]
2.81.2 >4 to 8%E difference 1 55 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.31 [0.10, 1.01]
2.81.3 >8%E difference 1 846 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.56, 1.04]
2.81.4 unclear 5 987 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.49, 1.26]
2.82 CHD events, subgroup by sex 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.82.1 Men 7 3819 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.70, 1.02]
2.82.2 Women 1 48835 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.87, 1.07]
2.82.3 Mixed, men and women 3 545 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.18, 4.36]
2.83 CHD events, subgroup by CVD risk 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.83.1 Low CVD risk 2 47404 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.76, 1.05]
2.83.2 Moderate CVD risk 3 545 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.18, 4.36]
2.83.3 Existing CVD disease 7 5250 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.75, 1.16]
2.84 CHD events, subgroup by TC reduction 11   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.84.1 serum chol reduced by at least 0.2mmol/L 8 4149 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.58, 0.99]
2.84.2 serum chol reduced by <0.2mmol/L 3 49050 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.88, 1.08]
2.84.3 serum chol reduction unclear 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Not estimable
2.85 CHD events, subgroup decade of publication 11 53201 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.68, 1.01]
2.85.1 1960s 5 1731 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.68, 1.05]
2.85.2 1970s 1 102 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.27 [0.14, 0.52]
2.85.3 1980s 1 2033 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.73, 1.14]
2.85.4 1990s 1 57 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.10, 1.09]
2.85.5 2000s 3 49278 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.88, 1.08]
2.86 DIABETES DIAGNOSES 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only