| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Agewall 2001 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Ammerman 2003 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Anderson 1990 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Aquilani 2000 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Arntzenius 1985 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Aro 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| ASSIST 2001 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Australian Polyp Prev 95 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Azadbakht 2007 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Bakx 1997 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Ball 1965 | Study aim was to assess effects of a low‐fat diet and methods stated that the "nature of the fat consumed was not altered". Saturated fat content of diet was not reported. |
| Barnard 2009 | Weight reduction encouraged in the conventional diet, but not in the vegan diet arm |
| Barndt 1977 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Baron 1990 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Barr 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Barsotti 1991 | Complex paper in Italian; unclear whether cardiovascular events occurred; contact with authors not established |
| Baumann 1982 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| BDIT Pilot Studies 1996 | Study aim was to reduce total fat intake to 15%E with no specific intervention on saturated fat. Saturated fat in intervention group was more than 80% of that in the control group. |
| Beckmann 1995 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| beFIT 1997 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Beresford 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Bergstrom 1967 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Bierenbaum 1963 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Bloemberg 1991 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Bloomgarden 1987 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Bonk 1975 | Trial, unclear if randomised; contact could not be established with trialists |
| Bonnema 1995 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Bosaeus 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Boyd 1988 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| BREACPNT | Individual microbiome‐based dietary advice vs Mediterranean diet (no suggestion of saturated fat reduction in either arm) |
| Brehm 2009 | Unclear whether any relevant events occurred, not able to contact trialists |
| Brensike 1982 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| BRIDGES 2001 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Broekmans 2003 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Brown 1984 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Bruce 1994 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Bruno 1983 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Butcher 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Byers 1995 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Caggiula 1996 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Canadian DBCP 1997 | Unable to establish contact with authors to provide data on numbers of deaths and CV events |
| CARMEN 2000 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| CARMEN substudy 2002 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Casas‐Agustench 2013 | Less than 24 months duration |
| Cerin 1993 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Chan 1993 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Chapman 1950 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Charbonnier 1975 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Cheng 2004 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Chiostri 1988 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Choudhury 1984 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Clark 1997 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Clifton 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Cobb 1991 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Cohen 1991 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Cole 1988 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Colquhoun 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Consolazio 1946 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Cox 1996 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Croft 1986 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Curzio 1989 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Da Qing IGT 1997 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Dalgard 2001 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| DAS 2000 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| DASH 1997 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Davey Smith 2005 | Multifactorial intervention |
| De Boer 1983 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| De Bont 1981 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available as study data have been lost |
| DeBusk 1994 | Multifactorial intervention |
| DEER 1998 | Duration 1 year only |
| Delahanty 2001 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Delius 1969 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Demark 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Dengel 1995 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Denke 1994 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Diabetes CCT 1995 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Diet & Hormone Study 2003 | Duration 1 year only |
| DIET 1998 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Ding 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| DIPI 2018 | Less than 24 months duration |
| DIRECT 2009 | Unable to establish contact with authors to establish whether relevant events occurred; multiple publications checked and no relevant outcomes found |
| DO IT 2006 | Intervention aim was for a "mediterranean diet" with total fat 27 ‐ 30%E, protein 15 ‐ 18%E, CHO 50 ‐ 55%E, no specific aim to reduce saturated fat (though polyunsaturated margarine given to intervention group), and intervention group saturated fat was more than 80% of that in the control. |
| Dobs 1991 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Due 2008 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Duffield 1982 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Dullaart 1992 | Study authors confirmed that no deaths or cardiovascular events occurred during the study. |
| Eating Patterns 1997 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Ehnholm 1982 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Ehnholm 1984 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Eisenberg 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Elder 2000 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Ellegard 1991 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Esposito 2003 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Esposito 2004 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| EUROACTION 2008 | Multifactorial intervention |
| FARIS 1997 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Fasting HGS 1997 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Ferrara 2000 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Fielding 1995 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Finnish Diabet Prev 2000 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Finnish Mental Hosp 1972 | Not randomised (cluster‐randomised, but < 6 clusters) |
| Fisher 1981 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| FIT Heart 2011 | Authors confirmed that differences between intervention and control groups included smoking and physical activity, as well as dietary changes. |
| Fleming 2002 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Fortmann 1988 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Foster 2003 | Weight reduction in 1 arm but not the other |
| Frenkiel 1986 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| FRESH START 2007 | Participants were newly diagnosed with cancer. |
| Gambera 1995 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Gaullier 2007 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Ginsberg 1988 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Gjone 1972 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Glatzel 1966 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Goodpaster 1999 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Grundy 1986 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Hardcastle 2008 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Harris 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Hartman 1993 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Hartwell 1986 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Hashim 1960 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Haufe 2011 | Aim was to reduce total fat or reduce carbohydrate, but no saturated fat aims were stated, and effects of the diets on saturated fat intakes were unclear. |
| Haynes 1984 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Heber 1991 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Heine 1989 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Hellenius 1995 | The study aimed for weight loss in 1 arm and not in the comparison arm. |
| Heller 1993 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Hildreth 1951 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Holm 1990 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Horlick 1957 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Horlick 1960 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Howard 1977 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Hunninghake 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Hutchison 1983 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Hyman 1998 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Iacono 1981 | Not randomised; Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| IMPACT 1995 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Iso 1991 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Ives 1993 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Jalkanen 1991 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Jerusalem Nut 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Jula 1990 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Junker 2001 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Karmally 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Karvetti 1992 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Kastarinen 2002 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Kather 1985 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Katzel 1995 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Kawamura 1993 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Keidar 1988 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Kempner 1948 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Keys 1957a | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Keys 1957b | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Keys 1957c | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Khan 2003 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| King 2000 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Kingsbury 1961 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| KNOTA | Numerous publications checked, but no relevant outcome data found. Trialists not contacted. |
| Koopman 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Koranyi 1963 | Unclear whether randomised, unable to contact authors to discuss |
| Korhonen 2003 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Kriketos 2001 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Kris 1994 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Kristal 1997 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Kromhout 1987 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Kummel 2008 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Laitinen 1993 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Laitinen 1994 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Lean 1997 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Leduc 1994 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Lewis 1958 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Lewis 1981 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Lewis 1985 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Lichtenstein 2002 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Lim 2010 | Unable to establish contact with authors to gain access to data on health outcomes (none reported in paper) |
| Linko 1957 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Lipid Res Clinic 1984 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Little 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Little 2004 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Lottenberg 1996 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Luszczynska 2007 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Lyon Diet Heart 1994 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Lysikova 2003 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Macdonald 1972 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Mansel 1990 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet |
| MARGARIN 2002 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Marniemi 1990 | Both intervention groups aimed to lose weight, while the control group did not. |
| Mattson 1985 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| McAuley 2005 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| McCarron 1997 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| McCarron 2001 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| McKeown‐Eyssen 1994 | Intervention aim was to reduce total fat and increase dietary fibre (saturated fat not mentioned), and no saturated fat intakes during trial reported. |
| McManus 2001 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| McNamara 1981 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Medi‐RIVAGE 2004 | Weight reduction for some low‐fat diet participants (those with BMI > 25) but not in Mediterranean group |
| MeDiet 2002 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| MEDINA | Less than 24 months duration |
| Mensink 1987 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Mensink 1989 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Mensink 1990a | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Mensink 1990b | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Metroville Health 2003 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| Michalsen 2006 | Diet plus stress management vs no intervention |
| Miettinen 1994 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Millar 1973 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Miller 1998 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Miller 2001 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Milne 1994 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) ‐ the high CHO diet was neither 'usual' or 'low fat' to compare with the modified fat diet. |
| Minnesota Coronary 1989 | Although the study proceeded for over 4 years, participants (patients) came and went and mean follow‐up was only 1 year. |
| Minnesota HHP 1990 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Mojonnier 1980 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| Mokuno 1988 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Mortensen 1983 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Mottalib 2018 | Less than 24 months duration |
| MRFIT substudy 1986 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| MSDELTA 1995 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| MSFAT 1997 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Mujeres Felices 2003 | Diet and breast self‐examination vs no intervention |
| Mutanen 1997 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Muzio 2007 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Naglak 2000 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| NAS 1987 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| National Diet Heart 1968 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| NCEP weight 1991 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| NCT01954472 | Study withdrawn (not completed) |
| NCT03068078 | Less than 24 months duration |
| Neil 1995 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Neverov 1997 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Next Step 1995 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Nordoy 1971 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Norway Veg Oil 1968 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Nutri‐AGEs 2015 | Less than 24 months duration |
| Nutrition Breast Health | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| O'Brien 1976 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| ODES 2006 | The study aimed for weight loss in 1 arm and not in the other arm. |
| Oldroyd 2001 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Ole Study 2002 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| OLIVE 1997 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| ORIGIN 2008 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Oslo Study 2004 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Pascale 1995 | Multifactorial intervention |
| PEP 2001 | Multifactorial intervention |
| PHYLLIS 1993 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Pilkington 1960 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Polyp Prevention 1996 | Intervention aim was to reduce total fat and increase dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables (saturated fat not mentioned), and no saturated fat intakes during trial reported. |
| POUNDS LOST 2009 | All study arms (low or high total fat) prescribed low saturated fat intake (8%E); no usual fat comparator. |
| PREDIMED 2008 | Total fat goals in the low‐fat arm were unclear and authors confirmed that aims were nonspecific (if aims < 30%E, this study would be included). |
| PREMIER 2003 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Pritchard 2002 | The study aimed for weight loss in 1 arm and not in the comparison arm. |
| Puget Sound EP 2000 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Rabast 1979 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Rabkin 1981 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Radack 1990 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Rasmussen 1995 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Reaven 2001 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Reid 2002 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Renaud 1986 | Not randomised |
| Rivellese 1994 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Rivellese 2003 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Roderick 1997 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Roman CHD prev 1986 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Rose 1987 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Sarkkinen 1995 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Schaefer 1995a | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Schaefer 1995b | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Schectman 1996 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Schlierf 1995 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Seppanen‐Laakso 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Seppelt 1996 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Singh 1991 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Singh 1992 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Sirtori 1992 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| SLIM 2008 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Sopotsinskaia 1992 | The study aimed for weight loss in 1 arm and not in the comparison arm. |
| Soul Food Light | Less than 24 months duration |
| Stanford NAP 1997 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Stanford Weight 1994 | The study aimed for weight loss in 1 arm and not in the comparison arm. |
| Starmans 1995 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Steinbach 1996 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Steptoe 2001 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Stevens 2002 | Diet plus breast self examination vs no intervention |
| Stevenson 1988 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Strychar 2009 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| Sweeney 2004 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Søndergaard 2003 | Follow‐up less than 24 months |
| TAIM 1992 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Tapsell 2004 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| THIS DIET 2008 | All study arms prescribed low saturated fat intake, no usual fat comparator |
| TOHP I 1992 | Multifactorial intervention |
| TONE 1997 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Toobert 2003 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Towle 1994 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| TRANSFACT 2006 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Treatwell 1992 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Tromsø Heart 1989 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Troyer 2010 | Longest duration only 12 months |
| UK PDS 1996 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Urbach 1952 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Uusitupa 1993 | Multifactorial intervention |
| VASTKOST 2012 | Publications reported than no participants died or experienced CVD during the trial. |
| Vavrikova 1958 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Verheiden 2003 | Unable to establish contact with authors to assess whether any relevant events occurred |
| WAHA 2016 | 15%E from walnuts vs usual diet (neither arm aimed to reduce saturated fat intake) |
| Wass 1981 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Wassertheil 1985 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| WATCH 1999 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Watts 1988 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Weintraub 1992 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Westman 2006 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low fat diet. |
| Weststrate 1998 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| WHEL 2007 | Study aimed to reduce total fat, but saturated fat goals were not mentioned, and saturated fat intake in the intervention group was more than 80% of that in the control (81%). |
| WHO primary prev 1979 | Multifactorial intervention |
| WHT 1990 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available as such data were not collected in the study |
| WHT Feasibility 2003 | Neither mortality nor cardiovascular morbidity data available (only decided after contact with at least 1 author) |
| Wilke 1974 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
| Williams 1990 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Williams 1992 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Williams 1994 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Wilmot 1952 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| Wing 1998 | No appropriate control group (and not low fat vs modified fat) |
| WINS UK 2011 | Stated aim was to reduce total fat by 50%; no saturated fat aims |
| WOMAN 2007 | Lifestyle intervention included exercise and weight as well as diet. |
| Wood 1988 | Intervention was not dietary fat modification or low‐fat diet. |
| Woollard 2003 | Multifactorial intervention including smoking, weight, exercise and alcohol components |
| Working Well 1996 | Multifactorial intervention |
| Zock 1995 | Intervention and randomised follow‐up less than 6 months |
CHO: carbohydrate CV: cardiovascular E: energy vs: versus