1. HRQoL instruments used by investigators.
| Instrumentname | Abbreviation | Overall domain or subscale | Direction of response | Trials using this scale |
| Health‐related quality of life | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Arbane 2009; Culos‐Reed 2010; Gomes 2011; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Moros 2010; Wiskemann 2011 |
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐RB23 | QLQ‐B23 | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Gomes 2011 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Anemia | FACT‐An | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2007a; Courneya 2008; Courneya 2009; Jarden 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Campbell 2005; Courneya 2003a; Danhauer 2009; de Oliveira 2010; DiSipio 2009; Rogers 2009; Segal 2001 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ General | FACT‐G | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Bourke 2011; Cadmus 2009; Campbell 2005; Courneya 2003a; de Oliveira 2010; Donnelly 2011; Jarden 2009; Moadel 2007; Mutrie 2007; Oh 2010; Rogers 2009; Segal 2001; Segal 2009; Wang 2010 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Prostate | FACT‐P | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Bourke 2011; Monga 2007; Segal 2003 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Griffith 2009; Haddad 2011 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue | FACIT‐F | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Headley 2004; Mustian 2009; Targ 2002 |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life (mean score) | WHO QOL‐BREF | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life (single item) | WHO QOL‐BREF | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Griffith 2009; Mock 2001 |
| Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Instrument | FPQLI | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Hacker 2011 |
| Functional Living Index for Cancer | FLIC | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Raghavendra 2007 |
| Spitzer QOL Uniscale | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 | |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | HRQoL | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Quality of Life Systematic Inventory | HRQoL | Unclear | Lanctot 2010 | |
| Condition‐specific HRQoL | ||||
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Additional breast cancer concerns | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Campbell 2005; Courneya 2003a; Courneya 2007a; Danhauer 2009; de Oliveira 2010; Mutrie 2007; Rogers 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy | FACT | Lymphoma cancer concerns | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Prostate | FACT‐P | Prostate cancer concerns | Higher score indicates better status | Monga 2007; Segal 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue | FACIT‐F | General cancer concerns | Higher score indicates better status | Targ 2002 |
| Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite | EPIC | Prostate cancer concerns | Higher score indicates worse status | Culos‐Reed 2010 |
| Anxiety | ||||
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | HADS | Anxiety | Higher score indicates worse status | Adamsen 2009; Banerjee 2007; Jarden 2009; Wiskemann 2011 |
| State‐Trait Anxiety Scale | STAI | State anxiety | Higher score indicates worse status | Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Cohen 2004; Courneya 2003a; Courneya 2007a; Courneya 2009; Raghavendra 2007 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Tension‐anxiety | Higher score indicates worse status | Chang 2008; Moadel 2007; Oh 2010; Targ 2002 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Anxiety | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Phobic anxiety | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| General Health Questionnaire | GHQ | Anxiety | Higher score indicates worse status | Moros 2010 |
| Symptom Assessment Scale | SAS | Anxiety | Higher score indicates worse status | Mock 1997 |
| Body Image/self‐esteem | ||||
| Tennessee Self‐Concept Scale | TSCS | Self‐concept | Higher score indicates better status | Mock 1994 |
| Body Image Visual Analogue Scale | BIVAS | Body image | Higher score indicates better status | Mock 1994 |
| Rosenberg Self‐Esteem | Self‐esteem | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Courneya 2007a | |
| Symptom Assessment Scale | SAS | Body dissatisfaction | Higher score indicates worse status | Mock 1997 |
| Cognitive function | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Cognitive functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Moros 2010; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Cognitive | FACT‐Cog | Cognitive functioning | Higher score indicates worse status | Oh 2010; Rogers 2009 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Confusion‐bewilderment | Higher score indicates worse status | Moadel 2007; Oh 2010; Targ 2002 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Cognitive | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Attentional Functional Index | AFI | Cognitive functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Crowley 2003 |
| Depression | ||||
| Centers for Epidemiological Studies ‐ Depression Scale | CES‐D | Depression | Higher score indicates worse status | Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Cohen 2004; Courneya 2003a; Courneya 2007a; Courneya 2009; Culos‐Reed 2010; Danhauer 2009; Haddad 2011 |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | HADS | Depression | Higher score indicates worse status | Adamsen 2009; Banerjee 2007; Jarden 2009; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Beck Depression Inventory‐II | BDI | Depression | Higher score indicates worse status | Donnelly 2011; Lanctot 2010; Monga 2007; Mutrie 2007; Raghavendra 2007 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Depression‐dejection | Higher score indicates worse status | Chang 2008; Dimeo 1999; Oh 2010; Targ 2002; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Depression | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| General Health Questionnaire | GHQ | Depression | Higher score indicates worse status | Moros 2010 |
| Symptom Assessment Scale | SAS | Depression | Higher score indicates worse status | Mock 1997 |
| Emotional function/mental health | ||||
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Emotional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Danhauer 2009; de Oliveira 2010; Rogers 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ General | FACT‐G | Emotional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Moadel 2007; Monga 2007; Mutrie 2007; Oh 2010 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness ‐ Fatigue | FACIT‐F | Emotional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Targ 2002 |
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Emotional functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Moros 2010; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Mood | Higher score indicates worse status | Griffith 2009; Moadel 2007; Mock 2001; Oh 2010; Targ 2002; Yang 2011 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Anger‐hostility | Higher score indicates worse status | Dimeo 1999; Oh 2010; Targ 2002; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Irritability |
Higher score indicates worse status | Moadel 2007; Oh 2010 |
| Fordyce Happiness Measure | FORDYCE | Happiness | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009 |
| Happiness Measure | HM | Happiness | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2009 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 | MOS SF‐12 | Mental health component | Higher score indicates better status | Danhauer 2009 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Mental health component | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Galvao 2010; Tang 2010 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Mental health | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Chandwani 2010; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Role emotional | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Positive and Negative Affect Scale | PANAS | Positivity | Higher score indicates better status | Danhauer 2009; Donnelly 2011; Mutrie 2007 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Psychological functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Danhauer 2009; Rogers 2009 |
| Satisfaction with Life Scale | SWLS | Satisfaction | Higher score indicates better status | Campbell 2005; Courneya 2003a |
| Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale | PAIS | Psychosocial response to illness | Higher score indicates worse status | Mock 1994 |
| WHO QOL‐BREF subscale | WHO QOL‐BREF | Psychological functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| Perceived Stress Scale | PSS | Stress | Higher score indicates worse status | Banerjee 2007 |
| Brief Symptom Inventory (subset of SCL‐90‐R) | BSI | Psychological distress | Higher score indicates better status | Mock 1994 |
| National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer | NCCN | Distress | Higher score indicates worse status | Wiskemann 2011 |
| Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale | Stress | Higher score indicates worse status | Cadmus 2009 | |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Emotional | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Symptom Distress Scale (modification of Symptom Checklist 90) | SDS | Stress | Higher score indicates worse status | Cheville 2010; Griffith 2009 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Psychological distress | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Obsessive compulsive | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Hostility | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Somatization | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| General Health Questionnaire | GHQ | Psychological status | Higher score indicates worse status | Moros 2010 |
| General Health Questionnaire | GHQ | Somatization | Higher score indicates worse status | Moros 2010 |
| Fatigue | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Anemia | FACT‐An | Fatigue | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2007a; Courneya 2008; Courneya 2009; Jarden 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy | FACT | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Courneya 2003a |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Fatigue | FACT‐F | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Bourke 2011; Danhauer 2009; Mutrie 2007; Segal 2003; Segal 2009 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Fatigue‐inertia | Higher score indicates worse status | Brown 2006; Cheville 2010; Dimeo 1999; Oh 2010; Targ 2002; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Profile of Mood Scale | POMS | Vigor‐activity | Higher score indicates better status | Brown 2006; Cheville 2010; Dimeo 1999; Oh 2010; Targ 2002; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Linear Analog Self‐Assessment | LASA | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Brown 2006 |
| Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale | SCFS | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Caldwell 2009 |
| Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory | MFI | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Donnelly 2011; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Piper Fatigue Scale | PFS | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Battaglini 2008; Campbell 2005; Crowley 2003; Griffith 2009; Mock 1997; Mock 2001; Mock 2005; Monga 2007 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy ‐ Fatigue | FACIT‐F | Fatigue | Higher score indicates better status | Donnelly 2011; Headley 2004; Moadel 2007; Mustian 2009; Oh 2010; Wang 2010 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Fatigue | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Vitality | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Brief Fatigue Inventory | BFI | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Chandwani 2010; Chang 2008; Cohen 2004; Haddad 2011; Hwang 2008; Mustian 2009; Windsor 2004 |
| Daily diary | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Mock 2001 | |
| State‐Trait Anxiety Scale | STAI | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Brown 2006 |
| Symptom Distress Scale (modification of Symptom Checklist 90) | SDS | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Brown 2006; Chang 2008 |
| Attentional Functional Index | AFI | Attentional fatigue | Higher score indicates better status | Crowley 2003 |
| Fatigue Severity Score | FSS | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Culos‐Reed 2010 |
| Symptom Assessment Scale | SAS | Fatigue | Higher score indicates worse status | Mock 1997 |
| Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire | Fatigue | Unclear | Gomes 2011 | |
| General health perspective | ||||
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 | MOS SF‐12 | Item on health | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Courneya 2009; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Single question on health | Perceived health | Higher score indicates better status | Rogers 2009 | |
| WHO QOL‐BREF single item | WHO QOL‐BREF | General health score | Higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Instrument | FPQLI | Health and functioning subscale | Higher score indicates better status | Hacker 2011 |
| Pain | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Pain | Higher score indicates worse status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Bodily pain | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Griffith 2009; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Visual Analog Scale | VAS | Pain | Higher score indicates worse status | Hwang 2008 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Pain frequency | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Pain severity | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Physical well‐being | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Physical function | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Moros 2010; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Anemia | FACT‐An TOI | Physical well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Physical well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Campbell 2005; Courneya 2003a; Danhauer 2009; de Oliveira 2010; Rogers 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ General | FACT‐G | Physical well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Moadel 2007; Monga 2007; Mutrie 2007; Oh 2010 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Fatigue | FACIT‐F | Physical well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Targ 2002 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 | MOS SF‐12 | Physical function | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Danhauer 2009; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Physical component | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Chandwani 2010; Galvao 2010; Tang 2010 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Role physical | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Galvao 2010; Griffith 2009; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Physical functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Griffith 2009; Mock 2001; Mock 2005; Segal 2001 |
| WHO QOL‐BREF subscale | WHO QOL‐BREF | Physical functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Physical | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Role function | ||||
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Anemia | FACT‐An | Functional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Jarden 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Functional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Campbell 2005; Courneya 2003a; Danhauer 2009; de Oliveira 2010; Rogers 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ General | FACT‐G | Functional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Moadel 2007; Monga 2007; Mutrie 2007; Oh 2010 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Fatigue | FACIT‐F | Functional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Targ 2002 |
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Functional well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Moros 2010; Wiskemann 2011 |
| WHO QOL‐BREF subscale | WHO QOL‐BREF | Environmental functioning | higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Instrument | FPQLI | Family | Higher score indicates better status | Hacker 2011 |
| Symptom Checklist 90 Revised | SCL‐90‐R | Interpersonal sensitivity | Higher score indicates better status | Dimeo 1999 |
| Sleep | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Insomnia | Higher score indicates worse status | Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | PSQI | Sleep disturbance | Higher score indicates worse status | Chandwani 2010; Cohen 2004; Danhauer 2009; Donnelly 2011; Rogers 2009; Wang 2010 |
| Taiwanese Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | PSQI | Sleep disturbance | Higher score indicates worse status | Tang 2010 |
| Social functioning | ||||
| European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐C30 | QLQ‐C30 | Social functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Hacker 2011; Jarden 2009; Moros 2010; Wiskemann 2011 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Social/family well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2003a; Danhauer 2009; de Oliveira 2010; Rogers 2009 |
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ General | FACT‐G | Social/family well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Cadmus 2009; Moadel 2007; Monga 2007; Mutrie 2007; Oh 2010 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue | FACIT‐F | Social/family well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Targ 2002 |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 | MOS SF‐36 | Social/family well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Adamsen 2009; Cadmus 2009; Chandwani 2010; Crowley 2003; Galvao 2010; Mock 2001; Segal 2001 |
| WHO QoL‐BREF subscale | WHO QoL‐BREF | Social functioning | Higher score indicates better status | Hwang 2008 |
| Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Instrument | FPQLI | Social/economic | Higher score indicates better status | Hacker 2011 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Social well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Social support | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |
| General Health Questionnaire | GHQ | Social dysfunction | Higher score indicates worse status | Moros 2010 |
| Spiritual function | ||||
| Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ‐ Breast | FACT‐B | Spiritual | Higher score indicates better status | Courneya 2003a; Haddad 2011; Rogers 2009; Targ 2002 |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spirituality | FACIT‐SP | Peace | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010; Danhauer 2009; Moadel 2007 |
| Principles of Living Survey | PLS | Spiritual | Higher score indicates better status | Targ 2002 |
| Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Instrument | FPQLI | Psychological/spiritual | Higher score indicates better status | Hacker 2011 |
| Linear Analog Scales of Assessment | LASA | Spiritual well‐being | Higher score indicates better status | Cheville 2010 |