Cohen 2004.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Number randomized: 39; 20 to the exercise group and 19 to the control group Study start and stop dates: not reported Length of intervention: 7 weeks Length of follow‐up: 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the last session
Participants	Type cancer: lymphoma Stage, %: exercise group: Stage I, 22%; Stage II, 39%; Stage III, 17%; Stage IV, 22% control group: Stage I, 22%; Stage II, 33%; Stage III, 12%; Stage IV, 33% Time since cancer diagnosis: not reported Time in active treatment: not reported Inclusion criteria: lymphoma receiving chemotherapy or had received it within the past 12 month age ≥ 18 years able to read and speak English Eligibility criterion related to interest or ability, or both, to exercise: none reported Exclusion criteria: major psychotic illnesses Gender, n: female, 12; male, 32 Current age, mean years: 51 years Age at cancer diagnosis: not reported Ethnicity/race: not reported Education level: not reported SES: not reported Employment status: not reported Comorbidities: not reported Past exercise history, n: exercise group: 4 control group: 8 On hormone therapy, n: exercise group: 1 control group: 2
Interventions	19 participants assigned to the Tibetan yoga exercise intervention, including: controlled breathing and visualization mindfulness postures from the Tsa lung preliminary set of postures from the Trul khor (sngon 'gro) The exercises are simple motions done with specific breathing patterns Type exercise (aerobic/anaerobic): aerobic Intensity of experimental exercise intervention: mild Frequency: once per week, with recommendation to practice techniques at home at least daily Duration of individual session: not reported Duration of exercise program: 7 weeks Total number of exercise sessions: 7 sessions Format: group and individual Facility: tertiary care hospital and home Professionally led: Tibetan yoga instructor Adherence: all participants attended at least 1 yoga session; 6 (32%) attended all 7 sessions; 5 (26%) attended 5 or 6 sessions; 6 (32%) attended 2 or 3 sessions; and 2 (10%) attended only 1 session Co‐intervention: none Control group: 19 assigned to control group, consisting of waiting list Contamination of control group: not reported
Outcomes	Outcomes: QoL outcomes, including: psychological distress, assessed using the Impact of Events Scale anxiety, assessed using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory depression, assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies ‐ Depression scale fatigue, assessed using the BFI sleep, assessed using the PSQI Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the last yoga session: exercise group: n = 20 at baseline, n = 19 at follow‐up (time of measure not reported) control group: n = 19 at baseline, n = 19 at follow‐up (time of measure not reported) Adverse events: not reported
Notes	Country: US Funding: Bruce S. Gelb Foundation
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"Group assignment was conducted sequentially using minimization"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"The allocation process was concealed from all investigators because all the relevant information was entered into a computer program and group assignment was determined by the program"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Owing to the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to conceal allocation to the intervention from the participants
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Study personnel and outcome assessors were not masked or blinded to the study interventions
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Although it was stated that only 1 study participant dropped out before the end of the study, data were presented only for 30 study participants, not the 38 who completed the study
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	There is no evidence of selective reporting of outcomes
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appears to be free of other problems that could put it at a high risk of bias