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. 2012 Aug 15;2012(8):CD008465. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008465.pub2

de Oliveira 2010.

Study characteristics
Methods Study design: RCT
Number randomized: 55; 28 to the exercise group and 27 to the control group
Study start and stop dates: June 2005 to September 2006
Length of intervention: length of radiation
Length of follow‐up: 6 months
Participants Type cancer: breast cancer
Time in cancer diagnosis: not reported
Time in active treatment: not reported
Inclusion criteria:
  • invasive breast cancer

  • indication of radiation therapy

  • postsurgery


Eligibility criteria related to interest or ability, or both, to exercise:
  • medical contraindication


Exclusion criteria:
  • inability to complete questionnaires


Gender: female
Current age, range: 40 to 60 years
Age at cancer diagnosis: not reported
Ethnicity/race: not reported
Education level, %: primary, 60%; middle, 20%; secondary, 20%
SES: not reported
Employment status: not reported
Comorbidities: not reported
Past exercise history: not reported
On hormone therapy: about 50% were on hormone therapy
Interventions 28 participants assigned to the exercise intervention, including:
  • kinesotherapy of the upper limb, including 19 different exercises


Type exercise (aerobic/anaerobic): aerobic
Intensity of the experimental exercise intervention: not reported
Frequency: not reported
Duration of individual sessions: 45 minutes
Duration of exercise program: length of radiation therapy
Total number of exercise sessions: about 18 sessions
Format: individual
Facility: facility
Professionally led: not reported
Adherence: not reported
27 participants assigned to control group, including:
  • usual care


Contamination of control group: not reported
Outcomes Primary outcome:
  • amplitude of movement, assessed using Gosselnik


Other outcomes included:
  • global HRQoL, assessed using FACT‐B and subscales:

    • PWB

    • social/family well‐being

    • FWB

    • breast subscale

    • EWB


Outcomes were measured at baseline, end of treatment (~ 3 months), and 6 months:
  • exercise group: n = 28 at baseline, n = 28 at 3 months, n = 24 at 6 months

  • control group: n = 27 at baseline, n = 27 at 3 months, n = 25 at 6 months


Subgroup analysis: none reported
Adverse events: not reported
Notes Country: Brazil
Funding: FAEPEX UNICAMP, pelo financiamento e Bolsa CAPES
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk "greada por computador"
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Whether the treatment assignment was concealed from study personnel and participants was not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes High risk Owing to the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to conceal allocation to the intervention from the participants
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes High risk The outcome assessor was blinded to the study allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Unclear risk Insufficient details provided to determine whether there was any attrition
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk There appears to be no selective reporting of outcomes
Other bias Low risk The trial appears to be free of other problems that could put it at a high risk of bias