Hwang 2008.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Number randomized: 40; 17 to the exercise group and 20 to the control group Study start and stop dates: not reported Length of intervention: 5 weeks Length of follow‐up: to end of the intervention
Participants	Type cancer: breast cancer Time since cancer diagnosis: not reported Time in active treatment: women approached at first planned radiation therapy treatment visit Inclusion criteria: outpatient waiting list for radiation therapy for breast cancer Eligibility criteria related to interest or ability, or both, to exercise: concurrent major health problems that could affect participation in an exercise program including uncontrolled hypertension, cardiovascular disease, acute or chronic respiratory disease, and cognitive dysfunction Exclusion criteria: none Gender: female Current age, mean (SD) years: exercise group: 46.3 (9.5) years control group: 46.3 (7.5) years Age at cancer diagnosis: not reported Ethnicity/race: not reported Education level: not reported SES: not reported Employment status: not reported Comorbidities: not reported Past exercise history: not reported On hormone therapy: not reported
Interventions	17 participants assigned to the exercise intervention, including: supervised exercise program, including stretching exercises focused on the shoulders, aerobic exercise such as treadmill walking and bicycling, and strengthening exercise Type exercise (aerobic/anaerobic): aerobic and anaerobic Intensity of the experimental exercise intervention: target HR of 50% to 70% of the age‐adjusted HR maximum Frequency: 3 times per week Duration of individual sessions: 50 minutes Duration of exercise program: 5 weeks Total number of exercise sessions: 15 sessions Format: not reported Facility: not reported Professionally led: not reported Adherence: all 17 patients completed the program 23 participants assigned to control group, including: demonstration of shoulder ROM exercises and encouragement to continue with normal activities Contamination of control group: not reported
Outcomes	No primary outcome was identified. Outcomes included: global QoL, assessed using the WHO QOL‐BREF fatigue, assessed using the BFI ROM, assessed by a physical therapist pain, assessed using a single‐item VAS Outcomes were measured at baseline and 5 weeks: exercise group: n = 17 at baseline, n = 5 weeks control group: n = 20 at baseline, n = 5 weeks Subgroup analysis: none Adverse events: "No significant exercise‐related adverse events such as lymphedema were reported"
Notes	Country: Korea Funding: none reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Generation of allocation sequence was not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Whether the treatment assignment was concealed from study personnel and participants was not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Owing to the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to conceal allocation to the intervention from the participants
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Study personnel and outcome assessors were not masked or blinded to the study interventions
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	3 in control group lost to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	There appears to be no selective reporting of outcomes
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appears to be free of other problems that could put it at a high risk of bias