Windsor 2004.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Number randomized: 66; 33 to the exercise group and 33 to the control group Study start and stop dates: December 2001 to December 2002 Length of intervention: to end of radiation therapy Length of follow‐up: 4 weeks' post‐treatment
Participants	Type cancer: prostate cancer; 51 of 65 patients had tumors classified as T1 to T2 Time since cancer diagnosis: not reported Time in active treatment: not begun Inclusion criteria: on outpatient waiting list for radical conformal radiation therapy for localized prostate carcinoma Eligibility criteria related to interest or ability, or both, to exercise: none Exclusion criteria: physical frailty owing to age comorbidity, such as unstable or severe angina, recent myocardial infarction, or dementia cardiac pacemaker Gender: male Current age, mean (SD) years: exercise group: 68.3 (0.9, 52 to 82) years control group: 69.3 (1.3, 52 to 82) years Age at cancer diagnosis: not reported Ethnicity/race: not reported Education level: not reported SES: not reported Employment status: not reported Comorbidities: not reported Past exercise history: not reported On hormone therapy, receiving adjuvant hormone therapy for high‐risk tumors, n (%): exercise group: 9 (27%) control group: 10 (30%)
Interventions	33 participants assigned to the exercise intervention, including: home‐based continuous walking Type exercise (aerobic/anaerobic): aerobic Intensity of the experimental exercise intervention: target HR of 60% to 70% calculated maximum HR Frequency: 3 days per week Duration of individual sessions: 30 minutes Duration of exercise program: to end of therapy Total number of exercise sessions: varied Format: individual Facility: home Professionally led: unclear Adherence: all patients in the exercise group recorded at least 1.5 hours of aerobic exercise at the recommended percentage maximum HR per week throughout radiation therapy 33 participants assigned to control group, including: discouraged from performing normal activities and were advised to rest and take things easy if they became fatigued Contamination of control group: none, the control group showed a small, nonsignificant decline in hours of reported aerobic activity per week during radiation therapy
Outcomes	No primary outcome was identified. Outcomes included: fatigue, assessed using the BFI resting HR exercise HR, assessed using the shuttle test physical activity, assessed using the SPAQ Outcomes were measured at baseline; after 5, 10, 15, and 20 fractions of radiation therapy; and at follow‐up 4 weeks after the completion of treatment: exercise group: n = 32 at all time points control group: n = 33 at all time points Subgroup analysis: none Adverse events: none reported
Notes	Country: UK Funding: none reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The generation of the random sequence was not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"Patients were randomized to trial group by telephone call to the Scottish Cancer Therapy Network randomization line…"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Owing to the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to conceal allocation to the intervention from the participants
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Allocation to the intervention was not concealed from the study personnel
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	1 participant in the exercise group withdrew and was not included in the analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	There appears to be no selective reporting of outcomes
Other bias	High risk	Baseline tests performed after randomization