Comparison 3. Pharmacological Intervention vs. Placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression score ‐ short term	3		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 SMD based on mean change scores	3	707	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.38, ‐0.09]
2 Depression remission ‐ short term	3	429	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.80 [1.18, 2.74]
3 All‐cause mortality	3	487	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.39 [0.07, 2.02]
4 Cardiac events	3		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 Total cardiovascular events	1	369	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.51, 1.17]
4.2 Recurrent nonfatal MI	2	653	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.56 [0.19, 1.66]
4.3 Congestive heart failure	3	744	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.35, 2.59]
4.4 Recurrent angina	3	744	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.49, 1.44]
4.5 Cardiac procedures	1	369	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.49, 1.28]
5 Resource utilization	3		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 Hospitalizations	3	514	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.58 [0.39, 0.85]
5.2 Emergency room visits	1	369	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.58 [0.34, 1.00]
6 Healthcare costs	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
6.1 Excluding antidepressant medication costs	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 Quality of life ‐ short term	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
7.1 Q‐LES‐Q	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]