| Intervention |
Description |
Reference |
| Surgical excision |
Alcohol epitheliectomy for the corneal component and partial lamellar scleroconjunctivectomy with 3 to 4mm margins for the conjunctival component. Frozen sections may be used to ensure tumour‐free margins. Modified enucleation involves removing the affected conjunctiva with a 4mm margin together with the eyeball. Exenteration involves complete removal of orbital tissue including the periosteum of the bony walls. The eyelids may or may not be spared. |
Shields 1997Shields 2004
|
| Cryotherapy |
Freeze‐thaw‐freeze‐thaw (double freeze‐thaw) applying probe to the excised conjunctival margin. |
Peksayar 1989 |
| Chemotherapy
‐ 5 Fluorouracil (5FU) 1% solution
‐ Mitomycin C 0.02% or 0.04% |
As topical solutions to soak operated site for 2‐5 minutes, as subconjunctival injection intra‐ or post operatively or as eyedrops to be applied post‐operatively as follows
4 times daily for 1‐2 weeks or as pulsed therapy giving 4 applications for 4 days repeated every month for 4‐6 cycles
4 times daily for 2 weeks then repeat at 4‐6 weeks intervals depending on response |
Yeatts 2000
Midena 2000
Frucht‐Pery 1997
|
| Radiotherapy |
‐ beta irradiation
‐ gamma irradiation
‐ photodynamic therapy |
Cerezo 1990
Goldberg 1963
Barbazetto 2004
|
| Amniotic membrane transplants (AMT) |
Excise tumour with a 3‐4 mm tumour‐free margin (so frozen sections needed), apply cryotherapy to the margin then to close the defect suture amniotic membrane with 8/0 vicryl sutures to adjacent conjunctiva and to adjacent cornea using 10/0 nylon sutures with epithelial side facing up. |
Gunduz 2005 |
| Interferon alpha 2b |
Topical drops or intralesion injection |
Karp 2001 |
| Cidofovir eyedrops 2mg/ml |
Applied every 2 hours for 2 weeks then 4 times daily for 2 weeks then 3 times daily for 2 weeks |
Sherman 2002 |
