Shin 1985.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised, phase III trial Treatment period: accrued January 1981 to March 1984; analysis July 1984 Median follow‐up: not described
Participants	124 randomised (71% grade III and 29% IV astrocytoma) from 2 Canadian centres; 62% aged ≥ 60 years and 38% < 60 years; 65% with Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 and 35% with Karnofsky performance status < 70; percentage men and women not provided
Interventions	Arm 1: hyperfractionation: 6141 cGy in 69 fractions given as 89 cGy per fraction 3 times a day Arm 2: hyperfractionation as arm 1 + misonidazole Arm 3: conventional fractionation: 5800 cGy in 30 daily fractions
Outcomes	Survival (Kaplan‐Meier curve presented up to 600 days) Progression free survival (median time to progression)
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of randomisation not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Protection of treatment allocation before and until assignment was unclear as the method of randomisation was not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Lack of blinding of participants and personnel associated with low risk of bias for the outcome of survival and unclear risk of bias for progression free survival.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Lack of blinding for outcome assessments associated with low risk of bias for survival and unclear risk of bias for progression free survival.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Attrition was not described.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Publication did not describe the protocol for follow‐up assessment. The degree in which there may have been selective reporting for progression free survival was unknown.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Size of study bias: 124 randomised.