Table 1.
Clinical and demographic data of the study population
| Characteristics |
mTBI + PTH (n = 44) |
mTBI-PTH (n = 27) |
HCs (n = 43) |
Group comparison Pvalues |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 40.9 ± 10.9 | 40.5 ± 10.6 | 43.5 ± 10.8 | 0.624 |
| Gender (male/female) | 17/27 | 14/13 | 17/26 | 1.000 |
| Education (y) | 11.8 ± 3.5 | 11.1 ± 4.0 | 12.7 ± 2.9 | 0.569 |
| GCS Score | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
| MoCA | 24.5 ± 2.6 | 24.4 ± 3.2 | 25.7 ± 2.5 | 0.300 |
| Headache characteristics | ||||
| Predominant side | ||||
| Left | 17 | – | – | |
| Right | 9 | – | – | |
| Bilateral | 10 | – | – | |
| Unilateral | 8 | – | – | |
| Onset | 12.0 ± 7.9 | – | – | |
| Headache frequency | 12.0 ± 7.4 | – | – | |
| Headache intensity | 4.7 ± 2.0 | – | – | |
Data are the mean ± standard deviation; mTBI mild traumatic brain injury; PTH post-traumatic headache; HCs healthy controls; GCS Glasgow Coma Scale; MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment