Table 3.

Overview of inclusion and exclusion criteria

Criterion	Scale	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Sleep quality	Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index43	Score ≤5	Score >5
Daytime sleepiness	Epworth Sleepiness Scale47	Score ≤10	Score >10
Chronotype	Morningness-Eveningness Scale48	Categorised as ‘moderately morning type’, ‘neither’ or ‘moderately evening type’	Categorised as ‘definitely evening types’ or ‘definitely morning types’
Sleep apnoea	Berlin Questionnaire49	‘Positive’ scores in zero or one category	‘Positive’ scores in two or three categories
Insomnia	Insomnia Severity Index50	Score <15	Score ≥15
Mental health	Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale51	Scores below ‘severe’	Scores of ‘severe’ or ‘very severe’
Physical activity	International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form136	‘low’ scores	‘moderate’ or ‘high’ scores
Sedentary time	Workforce Sitting Questionnaire54	≥6 hour sitting time/day	<6 hour sitting time/day
Diet	Food Frequency Questionnaire56	Participants who are not vegan and without significant food allergies	Vegan diet and significant food allergies
Menstrual phase (female only)	Questions on menstrual phase59	History of regular menstrual cycles and no health concerns that impact menstrual cycles	Menopausal, history of irregular menstrual cycles or current health concern that impacts menstrual cycles
Pregnancy (female only)	General Health Questionnaire	Not pregnant	Pregnant
Smoking status	General Health Questionnaire	Non-smoker	Current smoker
Health concerns	General Health Questionnaire	No health concerns	Serious health concerns that may impact participant’s ability to engage in physical activity, sleep or cognitive ability. Previous or current diagnosis of psychiatric and/or neurological problems or sleep disorders.
Contraindications to exercise	Adult Pre-Exercise Screening System58	All ‘no’ responses to APSS	Any ‘yes’ responses to APSS
Age	General Health Questionnaire	Age 18 to 35	<18 or >35 years
Weight	General Health Questionnaire	BMI 18 to 30 kg.m2	BMI <18 or >30 kg.m2
Typical bed and wake times	General Health Questionnaire	Habitual bedtimes 22:00 to 00:00 and habitual wake times 06:00 to 08:00.	Habitual bedtimes outside of 22:00 to 00:00 or habitual wake times outside of 06:00 to 08:00.
Shiftwork status	General Health Questionnaire	No current shift workers	Current shift worker
Medication	General Health Questionnaire	No medication	Currently taking any glucose-lowering and/or lipid-lowering medication or any medication/drugs that may influence sleep or are known to act on the central nervous system
Alcohol use	General Health Questionnaire	Consumption of <10 standard alcoholic beverages/week	Consumption of ≥10 standard alcoholic beverages/week
Caffeine use	General Health Questionnaire	Caffeinated beverage consumption <3 cups/day	Caffeinated beverage consumption ≥3 cups/day
Napping	General Health Questionnaire	No history of habitual napping	History of habitual napping
Recent trans-meridian travel	General Health Questionnaire	No travel across multiple time zones in the previous 4 weeks	Travel across multiple time zones in the previous 4 weeks.
Language	General Health Questionnaire	Fluent in English (ie, able to communicate and understand English and to be able to complete questionnaires)	Not fluent in English
Sleep disorder	General Health Questionnaire	No diagnosed sleep disorders	Any diagnosed sleep disorder

APSS, Adult Pre-Exercise Screening System; BMI, body mass index.