5. Causes of death (stillbirths and livebirth deaths).

Study	Cause of death
	Intervention Group	Control Group (Expectant management)
Augensen 1987	No deaths	No deaths
Bergsjo 1989	1. Severe malformations (Livebirth) GA at birth and timing of death after birth not reported, but assumed to be early	1. Malformation (Livebirth) GA at birth and timing of death after birth not reported, but assumed to be early 2. Pneumonia (Livebirth) GA at birth and timing of death after birth not reported, but assumed to be early
Chanrachkul 2003	No deaths	No deaths
Cole 1975	No deaths	1. Congenital heart condition (Stillbirth) GA at detection of death not reported
Dyson 1987	No deaths	1. Meconium aspiration and persistent fetal circulation (Livebirth) GA at birth was 43 + 4 and timing of death after birth was early but not reported in days
Egarter 1989	No deaths	1. Cord complication (Stillbirth) GA at detection of fetal death was 40 + 3 weeks
Gelisen 2005	No deaths	1. Intrauterine fetal death (Stillbirth) GA at death 41 + 5 weeks
Grobman 2018	Antepartum stillbirth: 1 Intrapartum stillbirth: 0 Neonatal death: 1	Antepartum stillbirth: 1 Intrapartum stillbirth: 0 Neonatal death: 2 early deaths (no other information; time of death not reported)
Hannah 1992	No deaths	1. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (Stillbirth) GA at detection of death not reported in days 2. Massive aspiration of meconium (Stillbirth) GA at detection of death not reported
Heimstad 2007	No deaths	1. Birth asphyxia secondary to a true knot in the umbilical cord (Livebirth) Birth at 294 days GA; death at 2 days of age
Henry 1969	No deaths	1. Stillbirth in a woman with an abnormal glucose tolerance test (Stillbirth) GA at detection of death not reported 2. Neonatal death from meconium inhalation in a woman with a positive amnioscopy who refused surgical induction of labour (Livebirth) GA at detection of death not reported, but presumed early
Herabutya 1992	No deaths	1. Congenital anomaly (Livebirth) Birth at 43 weeks; death at 3 days of age
James 2001	No deaths	No deaths
Keulen 2019	One fetal death: “The stillbirth in the induction group was in a 30 year old multiparous woman who was randomised at 40 weeks+5 days and scheduled for induction at 41 weeks+1 day. She had reduced fetal movements at 40 weeks+6 days, and fetal death was diagnosed at consultation. She delivered a neonate weighing 3595 g (20th to 50th centiles). Investigations, including a postmortem examination, did not explain the stillbirth.”	2 fetal deaths: "stillbirth was diagnosed in a 36 year old nulliparous woman at 41 weeks+3 days, when she was admitted to hospital in labour. She delivered a neonate weighing 2945 g (5th to 10th centiles). Investigations, including placental examination, did not explain the stillbirth, and the parents declined a postmortem examination. The second stillbirth in the expectant management group was diagnosed in a 32 year old multiparous woman at 41 weeks+4 days during a regular consultation in secondary care for impending post‐term pregnancy. She delivered a neonate weighing 3715 g (20th to 50th centiles). No postmortem examination was performed, but the placenta showed signs of chorioamnionitis.”
Martin 1978	No deaths reported	1 (Stillbirth) Stillbirth after induction of labour at 42 weeks for postmaturity and meconium
Martin 1989	No deaths	No deaths
NICHHD 1994	No deaths	No deaths
Sargunam 2019	No deaths reported	No deaths reported
Sahraoui 2005	No deaths	1 (Intrauterine fetal death) (Stillbirth) Death detected at 42 weeks' GA
Sande 1983	No deaths	No deaths
Suikkari 1983	No deaths	No deaths
Walker 2016	No deaths	No deaths
Wennerholm 2019	No deaths	6 (5 stillbirths; 1 early neonatal death) One stillborn baby had cardiovascular malformations not considered to be lethal and there were no explanations for the deaths of the other four stillbirths; Cause of the early neonatal death was hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in a large for gestational age neonate.

^{GA:gestational age}